Genesis 36:16

Korah, Gatam, and Amalek. They are the chiefs of Eliphaz in the land of Edom, and they are the grandsons of Adah.

Study Bible

Korah
The name "Korah" is derived from the Hebrew root "קֹרַח" (Qorach), which means "baldness" or "ice." In the context of Genesis 36, Korah is listed as one of the chiefs descended from Eliphaz, the son of Esau. Historically, the name Korah is also associated with a later figure in the Book of Numbers, who led a rebellion against Moses. This highlights the recurring theme of leadership and conflict within the biblical narrative. The mention of Korah here emphasizes the establishment of leadership structures among the Edomites, descendants of Esau, and foreshadows the complex relationships between the Israelites and their neighboring tribes.

Gatam
The name "Gatam" is somewhat obscure, with its etymology not entirely clear. It is possibly derived from a root meaning "to cut" or "to break." Gatam is listed as another chief descended from Eliphaz. The inclusion of Gatam in this genealogy underscores the diversity and expansion of Esau's lineage. It reflects the fulfillment of God's promise to Abraham that he would be the father of many nations, as Esau's descendants formed distinct tribes and clans.

Amalek
The name "Amalek" is significant in biblical history, as the Amalekites become one of Israel's most persistent enemies. The root of the name is "עֲמָלֵק" (Amaleq), which may mean "dweller in a valley" or "people of lapping." Amalek's mention here as a chief descended from Eliphaz highlights the early origins of the Amalekite people. This sets the stage for future conflicts between the Israelites and the Amalekites, illustrating the long-standing enmity that would arise between the descendants of Esau and Jacob.

These were the chiefs descended from Eliphaz
This phrase emphasizes the leadership and organizational structure within the Edomite society. The term "chiefs" (Hebrew: "אַלּוּפִים" - alufim) indicates a position of authority and governance. Eliphaz, as the firstborn of Esau, holds a place of prominence, and his descendants are recognized as leaders. This reflects the patriarchal and tribal nature of ancient Near Eastern societies, where family lineage and birthright played crucial roles in determining leadership and social hierarchy.

in the land of Edom
The "land of Edom" refers to the territory settled by Esau and his descendants. Edom, meaning "red," is associated with Esau's reddish appearance at birth and his preference for red stew. Geographically, Edom was located southeast of Israel, in what is now southern Jordan. The mention of Edom here situates the narrative within a specific historical and geographical context, highlighting the fulfillment of Esau's destiny to become a nation distinct from Israel.

they were the sons of Adah
Adah is identified as one of Esau's wives and the mother of Eliphaz. Her inclusion in this genealogy underscores the matriarchal influence in the formation of Edomite tribes. The mention of Adah serves as a reminder of the familial connections that underpin the narrative, emphasizing the importance of both maternal and paternal lines in the development of biblical genealogies. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's providence working through family relationships to fulfill His promises.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Korah
A chief descended from Eliphaz, son of Esau. His name is associated with leadership within the Edomite clans.

2. Gatam
Another chief from the lineage of Eliphaz. His role, like Korah's, signifies the establishment of tribal leadership in Edom.

3. Amalek
A notable chief whose descendants, the Amalekites, would later become significant adversaries of Israel. His mention here foreshadows future conflicts.

4. Eliphaz
The firstborn son of Esau and father of the chiefs mentioned. His lineage is significant in the establishment of the Edomite nation.

5. Edom
The land settled by Esau and his descendants. It represents a nation distinct from Israel, often in opposition to it.

Teaching Points

Understanding Lineage and Legacy
The genealogies in Genesis remind us of the importance of our spiritual heritage and the impact of our actions on future generations.

The Consequences of Conflict
The mention of Amalek foreshadows future hostilities, teaching us about the long-term effects of enmity and the importance of seeking peace.

God's Sovereignty in History
The unfolding of these genealogies shows God's hand in history, orchestrating events according to His divine plan.

The Role of Leadership
The chiefs of Edom illustrate the significance of leadership and its influence on a community or nation.

Distinction Between Nations
The separation of Edom and Israel serves as a reminder of the distinct paths God has for different peoples and the importance of following His specific calling for us.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the lineage of Esau, particularly through Eliphaz, influence the future interactions between Edom and Israel?

2. In what ways can understanding the genealogies in Genesis help us appreciate the broader account of the Bible?

3. What lessons can we learn from the ongoing conflict between the descendants of Esau and Israel, and how can we apply these lessons to conflicts in our own lives?

4. How does the role of leadership, as seen in the chiefs of Edom, inform our understanding of spiritual and community leadership today?

5. Considering the distinct paths of Edom and Israel, how can we discern and follow God's specific calling for our lives while respecting the paths of others?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 17
The Amalekites, descendants of Amalek, attack Israel, highlighting the ongoing conflict between the two nations.

1 Samuel 15
King Saul's battle against the Amalekites, illustrating the enduring enmity and God's command to destroy them.

Obadiah 1
Prophecies against Edom, reflecting the tension and judgment against Esau's descendants.