Exodus 39:10

And they mounted on it four rows of gemstones: The first row had a ruby, a topaz, and an emerald;

Study Bible

And they mounted on it
This phrase refers to the skilled craftsmanship involved in setting the gemstones onto the breastpiece of the High Priest. The Hebrew root for "mounted" is "מִלֵּא" (mille), which implies a careful and intentional placement. This reflects the meticulous care God expects in worship and service, symbolizing the importance of precision and dedication in our spiritual lives.

four rows of gemstones
The number four often symbolizes completeness and universality in the Bible, as seen in the four corners of the earth or the four winds. The gemstones, each unique and precious, represent the twelve tribes of Israel, signifying the diversity and unity of God's people. This arrangement underscores the idea that each tribe, and by extension each believer, holds a unique place in God's plan.

The first row had a ruby
The ruby, or "אֹדֶם" (odem) in Hebrew, is often associated with blood and sacrifice, reflecting the atoning work of Christ. Historically, rubies were prized for their deep red color, symbolizing passion and love. This gemstone reminds us of the sacrificial love of Jesus, who is the cornerstone of our faith.

a topaz
Topaz, or "פִּטְדָה" (pitdah) in Hebrew, is a gemstone that can vary in color but is often golden, symbolizing divine wisdom and understanding. In ancient times, topaz was believed to have protective powers. Spiritually, it represents the wisdom that comes from God, guiding us in truth and righteousness.

and an emerald
The emerald, or "בָּרֶקֶת" (bareqet) in Hebrew, is a vibrant green stone symbolizing life, growth, and renewal. Green is often associated with flourishing and abundance in Scripture. The emerald reminds us of the new life we have in Christ and the continual renewal of our hearts and minds through the Holy Spirit.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Israelites
The chosen people of God, who were given the task of constructing the Tabernacle and its furnishings according to God's specific instructions.

2. The Tabernacle
A portable sanctuary where God dwelled among His people during their journey through the wilderness.

3. The Priestly Garments
Specifically, the breastpiece of judgment worn by the High Priest, which included the gemstones mentioned in this verse.

4. Bezalel and Oholiab
Skilled craftsmen appointed by God to oversee the construction of the Tabernacle and its furnishings, including the priestly garments.

5. The High Priest
The spiritual leader of Israel, who wore the breastpiece as part of his sacred duties, symbolizing his role as a mediator between God and the people.

Teaching Points

Symbolism of the Gemstones
Each gemstone represents one of the twelve tribes of Israel, signifying that each tribe is precious and valued by God. This reminds us of our individual worth in God's eyes.

God's Attention to Detail
The specific instructions for the priestly garments highlight God's concern for order and beauty in worship. We should strive for excellence in our service to God.

Role of the High Priest
The High Priest's garments, including the breastpiece, symbolize his role as a mediator. This foreshadows Christ, our ultimate High Priest, who intercedes for us.

Unity and Diversity
The variety of gemstones reflects the diversity within the body of Christ. Each believer has unique gifts and roles, contributing to the unity of the church.

Holiness in Worship
The sacred nature of the priestly garments underscores the importance of approaching God with reverence and purity in our worship.

Bible Study Questions

1. How do the gemstones on the High Priest's breastpiece reflect the value God places on each of His people?

2. In what ways does the detailed construction of the Tabernacle and its furnishings inspire us to pursue excellence in our own service to God?

3. How does the role of the High Priest in the Old Testament point to the work of Jesus Christ as our High Priest?

4. What can we learn from the diversity of the gemstones about the importance of unity and diversity within the church?

5. How can we apply the principles of holiness and reverence in worship to our personal and corporate worship experiences today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

The gemstones on the breastpiece are also mentioned in Exodus 28, where God gives Moses detailed instructions for the priestly garments, emphasizing their significance in representing the twelve tribes of Israel.

Revelation 21 describes the New Jerusalem, which also features precious stones, drawing a parallel between the Old Testament priestly garments and the eternal city of God.

In 1 Peter 2, believers are described as a royal priesthood, connecting the priestly role in the Old Testament to the spiritual role of Christians today.