Deuteronomy 24:5

If a man is newly married, he must not be sent to war or be pressed into any duty. For one year he is free to stay at home and bring joy to the wife he has married.

Study Bible

When a man takes a new wife
This phrase introduces a specific situation in the life of an Israelite man. The Hebrew word for "takes" (לָקַח, laqach) implies a formal act of marriage, indicating a covenantal relationship. In ancient Israel, marriage was not merely a personal or romantic decision but a communal and covenantal act that involved families and often the broader community. The term "new wife" suggests the beginning of a new household, a significant event in the life of an individual and the community. This reflects the importance of marriage in maintaining the social and religious fabric of Israelite society.

he shall not go out with the army
The directive that the man "shall not go out with the army" underscores the value placed on the establishment of a new family unit. In the Hebrew context, military service was a duty and honor, yet the Torah provides an exemption for newly married men. This highlights the priority given to family stability and the nurturing of marital relationships. The exemption from military service for a newlywed man reflects God's concern for the well-being of families and the importance of allowing time for the couple to bond and establish their household.

or be liable for any other duty
This phrase extends the exemption beyond military service to any "other duty," indicating a comprehensive protection for the newly married man. The Hebrew word for "duty" (דָּבָר, dabar) can mean matter, thing, or responsibility. This broad exemption ensures that the man can focus entirely on his new marriage without external obligations. It reflects a divine understanding of the need for undistracted time to build a strong marital foundation, which is essential for the health of the family and, by extension, the community.

He shall be free at home for one year
The provision for the man to be "free at home for one year" is a remarkable allowance in ancient times. The Hebrew word for "free" (נָקִי, naqi) implies being exempt or unencumbered. This year-long exemption underscores the importance of the initial period of marriage, allowing the couple to establish their relationship and household. It reflects a divine prioritization of family life and the nurturing of marital bonds, recognizing that a strong family is foundational to a strong community and nation.

to bring joy to the wife he has married
The ultimate purpose of this exemption is "to bring joy to the wife he has married." The Hebrew word for "joy" (שָׂמַח, samach) conveys a sense of gladness and delight. This focus on the wife's joy highlights the mutual responsibilities and blessings of marriage. It underscores the importance of the husband's role in ensuring the happiness and well-being of his wife, reflecting a divine concern for the emotional and relational aspects of marriage. This provision illustrates the biblical principle that marriage is a partnership where both husband and wife are to be cherished and supported.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Newly Married Man
The primary subject of this verse, representing a man who has recently entered into the covenant of marriage.

2. Wife
The newly married man's partner, who is to be the recipient of his attention and joy during the first year of marriage.

3. Army
Represents the military obligations that the man is exempt from during the first year of marriage.

4. Israelite Society
The cultural and religious context in which these laws were given, emphasizing the importance of family and community stability.

5. Moses
The author of Deuteronomy, who conveyed God's laws to the Israelites.

Teaching Points

The Sanctity of Marriage
Marriage is a sacred covenant that requires dedication and nurturing, especially in its formative first year.

Prioritizing Relationships
The exemption from military duty highlights the importance of prioritizing one's spouse and family over other obligations.

Joy in Marriage
Bringing joy to one's spouse is a divine mandate, emphasizing the role of love, care, and companionship in marriage.

Community and Family Stability
Strong marriages contribute to the stability and health of the broader community, reflecting God's design for society.

God's Provision for Rest and Bonding
The law provides a period of rest and bonding, recognizing the need for couples to establish a strong foundation for their future together.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the principle of prioritizing one's spouse in Deuteronomy 24:5 apply to modern-day marriages?

2. In what ways can newly married couples today "bring joy" to each other, as instructed in this verse?

3. How does the concept of taking time to nurture a marriage relate to the broader biblical theme of rest and sabbath?

4. What are some practical ways that churches and communities can support newly married couples in their first year of marriage?

5. How can the principles found in Deuteronomy 24:5 be applied to strengthen family and community relationships today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 2:24
This verse establishes the foundational principle of marriage, where a man leaves his parents and unites with his wife, becoming one flesh. It underscores the importance of the marital bond.

Ecclesiastes 9:9
This verse encourages enjoying life with one's spouse, highlighting the joy and companionship found in marriage.

1 Corinthians 7:33-34
Paul discusses the concerns of married life, emphasizing the need for a husband to care for his wife, which aligns with the principle of prioritizing the marriage relationship.

Proverbs 5:18-19
These verses celebrate the joy and satisfaction found in a loving marital relationship, encouraging husbands to rejoice in their wives.