Deuteronomy 24:21

When you gather the grapes of your vineyard, you must not go over the vines again. What remains will be for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow.

Study Bible

When you gather the grapes of your vineyard
This phrase sets the scene in an agrarian society where vineyards were a common source of sustenance and income. The Hebrew word for "gather" (אָסַף, asaph) implies a careful collection, indicating the importance of the harvest. Vineyards were symbols of prosperity and blessing in ancient Israel, and the act of gathering grapes was a time of joy and thanksgiving. This context reminds us of God's provision and the responsibility to steward His blessings wisely.

you must not go over the vines again
The instruction not to "go over the vines again" is a command for restraint and generosity. The Hebrew root for "go over" (שׁוּב, shuv) means to return or repeat. This directive teaches the principle of contentment and trust in God's provision. By not harvesting every last grape, the Israelites were to demonstrate faith that God would meet their needs and cultivate a spirit of generosity.

Leave what remains
The act of leaving what remains is a deliberate choice to provide for others. The Hebrew word for "leave" (עָזַב, azav) conveys the idea of forsaking or letting go. This is a call to selflessness, encouraging the Israelites to prioritize the needs of others over their own potential gain. It reflects God's heart for justice and care for the marginalized.

for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow
This phrase identifies the beneficiaries of this command: the foreigner (גֵּר, ger), the fatherless (יָתוֹם, yathom), and the widow (אַלְמָנָה, almanah). These groups were among the most vulnerable in ancient society, often lacking the means to provide for themselves. By including them, God emphasizes His compassion and justice, ensuring that His people reflect His character by caring for those in need. This provision is a tangible expression of God's love and a reminder of the community's responsibility to uphold the dignity and welfare of all its members.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Israelites
The original audience of Deuteronomy, the people of Israel, who were given these laws as part of the covenant with God.

2. Foreigner
Non-Israelites living among the Israelites, often without land or means of support.

3. Fatherless
Orphans who lacked the protection and provision of a family.

4. Widow
Women who had lost their husbands and often faced economic hardship.

5. Vineyard
A place of agricultural production, significant in the agrarian society of ancient Israel.

Teaching Points

God's Heart for the Vulnerable
God commands His people to care for the marginalized, reflecting His compassionate nature.

Community Responsibility
The law encourages a communal approach to welfare, where everyone plays a part in supporting those in need.

Generosity and Trust
By not going over the vines again, the Israelites were to trust in God's provision and practice generosity.

Practical Love
This command is a call to action, showing love through tangible support for those who are less fortunate.

Stewardship of Resources
The Israelites were reminded that their resources were ultimately God's, and they were to use them to bless others.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the command in Deuteronomy 24:21 reflect God's character and priorities?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of leaving "gleanings" for the vulnerable in our modern context?

3. How does the account of Ruth and Boaz illustrate the practical application of this law?

4. What are some ways your community or church can better support the "foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow" today?

5. How does understanding God's provision and ownership of resources change our perspective on generosity and stewardship?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 19:9-10
This passage also instructs the Israelites to leave gleanings for the poor and the foreigner, emphasizing God's concern for the marginalized.

Ruth 2
The account of Ruth gleaning in Boaz's field illustrates the practical application of this law and highlights God's provision through community obedience.

James 1:27
This New Testament verse underscores the importance of caring for orphans and widows, aligning with the spirit of Deuteronomy 24:21.