Daniel 5:4

As they drank the wine, they praised their gods of gold and silver, bronze and iron, wood and stone.

Study Bible

As they drank the wine
This phrase sets the scene of indulgence and revelry. The act of drinking wine in the context of a royal feast signifies not only celebration but also a potential loss of sobriety and discernment. In the Hebrew context, wine is often associated with joy and blessing (Psalm 104:15), but here it becomes a symbol of excess and moral decline. The participants are so engrossed in their revelry that they become oblivious to the sacredness of the vessels they are using, which were taken from the temple in Jerusalem (Daniel 5:2-3). This act of drinking, therefore, becomes a metaphor for spiritual blindness and the dangers of prioritizing earthly pleasures over divine reverence.

they praised their gods
The act of praising gods in this context is a direct affront to the God of Israel. The Hebrew word for "praise" (שָׁבַח, shabach) implies a loud and boastful proclamation. This is not a quiet or introspective worship but a public and ostentatious display of allegiance to false deities. Historically, this reflects the polytheistic culture of Babylon, where multiple gods were worshipped, each representing different aspects of life and nature. Theologically, this act of praise is a stark contrast to the worship of Yahweh, who demands exclusive devotion (Exodus 20:3). It highlights the spiritual adultery of the Babylonians and sets the stage for divine judgment.

of gold and silver, bronze and iron, wood and stone
This list of materials is significant both materially and symbolically. Gold and silver were precious metals, often associated with wealth and power. Bronze and iron were used for tools and weapons, symbolizing strength and might. Wood and stone, while more common, were foundational materials for construction and idol-making. In the context of ancient Near Eastern culture, these materials were often used to craft idols, which were then worshipped as gods. Theologically, this enumeration underscores the futility and impotence of idols, as they are mere creations of human hands (Psalm 115:4-8). The progression from precious metals to common materials may also suggest a descending order of value, emphasizing the worthlessness of these gods compared to the living God. This verse serves as a reminder of the first commandment and the call to worship the Creator rather than the creation.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Belshazzar
The king of Babylon who hosted the feast where the events of Daniel 5 took place. He is known for his arrogance and disrespect towards the God of Israel.

2. Babylon
The setting of the event, a powerful empire known for its wealth and idolatry. It serves as a backdrop for the account of Daniel 5.

3. The Feast
A lavish banquet hosted by King Belshazzar, during which he and his guests drank from the sacred vessels taken from the temple in Jerusalem.

4. Idols of Gold, Silver, Bronze, Iron, Wood, and Stone
Represent the false gods worshiped by the Babylonians, highlighting their idolatry and spiritual blindness.

5. The Writing on the Wall
A divine message that appears during the feast, signaling God's judgment on Belshazzar and Babylon.

Teaching Points

The Danger of Idolatry
Idolatry is not just the worship of physical idols but can also be anything that takes the place of God in our lives. We must examine our hearts for modern-day idols.

The Consequences of Disrespecting God
Belshazzar's actions show a blatant disrespect for God, leading to his downfall. We must honor God in all aspects of our lives to avoid similar consequences.

God's Sovereignty and Judgment
The writing on the wall is a reminder of God's ultimate authority and the certainty of His judgment. We should live with an awareness of God's sovereignty.

The Call to Repentance
Belshazzar's account is a warning to turn away from sin and idolatry. We are called to repent and seek God's forgiveness.

The Importance of Reverence
Reverence for God and His holiness should be central in our worship and daily lives, contrasting with the irreverence shown by Belshazzar.

Bible Study Questions

1. What are some modern-day "idols" that can distract us from worshiping the true God, and how can we guard against them?

2. How does the account of Belshazzar's feast illustrate the consequences of pride and arrogance before God?

3. In what ways can we demonstrate reverence for God in our daily lives, and why is this important?

4. How does the concept of God's sovereignty and judgment in Daniel 5 encourage us to live righteously?

5. Reflect on a time when you experienced God's call to repentance. How did you respond, and what changes did it bring about in your life?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 20:3-5
The commandment against idolatry, which Belshazzar blatantly disregards by praising false gods.

Isaiah 44:9-20
A passage that mocks the futility of idol worship, similar to the actions of Belshazzar and his guests.

Romans 1:21-23
Describes the folly of exchanging the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and animals, paralleling the idolatry in Daniel 5.