Acts 21:21

But they are under the impression that you teach all the Jews who live among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, telling them not to circumcise their children or observe our customs.

Study Bible

But they are under the impression
This phrase indicates a misunderstanding or misrepresentation of Paul's teachings. The Greek word used here can imply being informed or instructed, but in this context, it suggests misinformation. Historically, Paul faced many accusations from Jewish leaders who felt threatened by his teachings. This reflects the tension between early Christians and traditional Jewish practices, highlighting the challenges of spreading the Gospel amidst cultural and religious misunderstandings.

that you teach all the Jews
Paul's mission was primarily to the Gentiles, but he also engaged with Jewish communities. The Greek word for "teach" here is "didaskō," which means to instruct or impart knowledge. Paul was known for his deep understanding of Jewish law and his ability to articulate the fulfillment of the law through Christ. This phrase underscores the concern that Paul's teachings might lead Jews away from their ancestral traditions.

who live among the Gentiles
This phrase refers to the Jewish diaspora, Jews living outside of Israel among non-Jewish populations. Historically, these communities often faced pressure to assimilate, and maintaining Jewish identity was a significant concern. Paul's message of salvation through faith in Christ alone was revolutionary and sometimes perceived as a threat to Jewish customs and identity.

to forsake Moses
"Moses" here symbolizes the Mosaic Law, which was central to Jewish identity and religious practice. The Greek word for "forsake" is "apostasia," meaning a defection or rebellion. This accusation against Paul was serious, as Moses was revered as the lawgiver. Paul, however, taught that Jesus fulfilled the law, which was a radical shift from traditional Jewish teachings.

telling them not to circumcise their children
Circumcision was a covenant sign given to Abraham and a critical aspect of Jewish identity. The Greek word for "circumcise" is "peritemnō," meaning to cut around. This practice was deeply ingrained in Jewish culture as a physical mark of the covenant with God. Paul's teaching that circumcision was not necessary for salvation was controversial and seen as undermining Jewish tradition.

or observe our customs
"Customs" refers to the various religious and cultural practices that defined Jewish life. The Greek word "ethos" is used here, meaning a habitual practice or tradition. These customs included dietary laws, festivals, and other rituals. Paul's emphasis on faith in Christ as the fulfillment of the law was perceived as a departure from these established practices, causing concern among Jewish believers.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul
The apostle who is central to this passage, accused of teaching Jews to abandon Mosaic Law.

2. James and the Jerusalem Elders
Leaders of the Jerusalem church who are addressing concerns about Paul's teachings.

3. Jews among the Gentiles
Jewish believers living in Gentile regions, who are the subject of the accusations against Paul.

4. Moses
Represents the Mosaic Law, which includes circumcision and other Jewish customs.

5. Jerusalem
The city where this meeting takes place, a central hub for early Christianity and Jewish tradition.

Teaching Points

Understanding Context
Recognize the cultural and religious tensions in the early church between Jewish traditions and the new covenant in Christ.

Balancing Tradition and Faith
While traditions can be valuable, they should not overshadow the core message of the Gospel, which is salvation through faith in Jesus Christ.

Addressing Misunderstandings
Misunderstandings about faith practices can arise; it is crucial to address them with clarity and love, as seen in the dialogue between Paul and the Jerusalem elders.

Unity in Diversity
The early church faced challenges in maintaining unity amidst diverse practices. Today, we are called to embrace diversity within the body of Christ while upholding the truth of the Gospel.

Living Out Faith
Our faith should be evident in our actions and attitudes, reflecting the love and grace of Christ to those around us.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the accusation against Paul in Acts 21:21 reflect the broader tension between Jewish customs and the new Christian faith?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of balancing tradition and faith in our own lives and church communities today?

3. How can we address misunderstandings about our faith practices in a way that promotes unity and understanding?

4. What lessons can we learn from the early church's handling of diversity in practices, and how can we apply these lessons to modern-day church issues?

5. How does Paul's approach to Jewish customs in Acts 21:21 relate to his teachings in Galatians and Romans, and what does this teach us about living out our faith in diverse cultural contexts?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Acts 15
The Jerusalem Council, where the early church leaders discussed the requirements for Gentile believers, highlighting the tension between Jewish customs and the new faith in Christ.

Galatians 5:2-6
Paul's teaching on circumcision and faith, emphasizing that faith in Christ, not adherence to the law, is what justifies believers.

Romans 14:1-4
Discusses the acceptance of differing practices among believers, urging not to judge one another over disputable matters.