2 Samuel 11:20

if the king's anger flares, he may ask you, 'Why did you get so close to the city to fight? Did you not realize they would shoot from atop the wall?

Study Bible

if the king’s anger flares
The phrase "if the king’s anger flares" suggests a potential for intense emotional response. In Hebrew, the word for anger is "אַף" (aph), which can also mean "nostril" or "face," indicating a physical manifestation of anger, such as flaring nostrils. This reflects the human tendency to express emotions physically. Historically, kings were seen as God's representatives on earth, and their anger was often feared as it could lead to severe consequences. In this context, King David's anger is anticipated due to the reckless military strategy that endangered his men.

he may ask you
The phrase "he may ask you" implies a direct confrontation or inquiry. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, questioning by a king was a serious matter, often leading to accountability or punishment. The Hebrew root "שָׁאַל" (sha'al) means to inquire or demand, indicating the king's authority to seek explanations for actions taken by his subordinates. This reflects the hierarchical nature of ancient monarchies, where the king's word was law.

‘Why did you get so close to the city to fight?
This question highlights a tactical error in military strategy. In ancient warfare, approaching a city too closely without proper siege equipment was dangerous due to the defensive advantage of city walls. The Hebrew word "קָרַב" (qarav) means to draw near or approach, emphasizing the proximity that led to vulnerability. This reflects the importance of wisdom and prudence in leadership, as well as the consequences of neglecting sound military tactics.

Did you not realize
The phrase "Did you not realize" suggests a failure in judgment or awareness. The Hebrew root "יָדַע" (yada) means to know or perceive, indicating a lack of foresight or understanding. This rhetorical question underscores the expectation of discernment and the responsibility of leaders to anticipate potential outcomes. It serves as a reminder of the need for vigilance and careful planning in all endeavors.

they would shoot from the wall?
The phrase "they would shoot from the wall" refers to the common defensive practice of archers positioned on city walls. The Hebrew word "יָרָה" (yarah) means to shoot or throw, illustrating the threat posed by defenders who had the high ground. Archaeological evidence from ancient cities shows that walls were often equipped with parapets and towers for archers, making them formidable obstacles. This highlights the importance of understanding one's environment and the inherent risks in any confrontation.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The King of Israel, who orchestrates the battle plan and later becomes entangled in sin with Bathsheba.

2. Joab
The commander of David's army, who is responsible for executing David's orders in the battle.

3. Uriah the Hittite
A loyal soldier in David's army and the husband of Bathsheba, whose death is orchestrated by David.

4. Jerusalem
The city from which David rules and where he remains while his army is at war.

5. The Battle
The military engagement against the Ammonites, during which Uriah is placed in a vulnerable position.

Teaching Points

The Consequences of Sin
David's actions demonstrate how sin can lead to a cascade of further sins and consequences. We must be vigilant in guarding our hearts and actions.

The Importance of Accountability
David's lack of accountability led to grave sins. Christians should seek accountability partners to help maintain integrity.

God's Justice and Mercy
Despite David's sin, God remains just and merciful. This account reminds us of the need for repentance and the hope of forgiveness.

The Dangers of Complacency
David's decision to stay in Jerusalem while his army fought shows the danger of complacency. We must remain active in our spiritual battles.

The Role of Leadership
As a leader, David's actions had significant repercussions. This highlights the responsibility leaders have to act righteously.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's decision to stay in Jerusalem contribute to the events that unfold in 2 Samuel 11? What can this teach us about the dangers of complacency in our own lives?

2. In what ways does the account of David, Bathsheba, and Uriah illustrate the ripple effect of sin? How can we apply this understanding to avoid similar pitfalls?

3. How does Nathan's confrontation with David in 2 Samuel 12 serve as a model for accountability? What steps can we take to ensure we have accountability in our spiritual walk?

4. Reflect on Psalm 51 in light of 2 Samuel 11. How does David's repentance inform our understanding of God's mercy and forgiveness?

5. Considering Jesus' teachings in Matthew 5:27-28, how can we guard our hearts against the sins of lust and adultery in today's world? What practical steps can we take to maintain purity?

Connections to Other Scriptures

2 Samuel 12
Nathan's confrontation with David about his sin with Bathsheba and Uriah, highlighting the consequences of David's actions.

Psalm 51
David's psalm of repentance, which provides insight into his heart after being confronted by Nathan.

Exodus 20:13-14
The commandments against murder and adultery, which David violates in this account.

Matthew 5:27-28
Jesus' teaching on adultery, expanding the understanding of sin to include even lustful thoughts.