1 Samuel 21:3

Now then, what do you have on hand? Give me five loaves of bread, or whatever can be found."

Study Bible

Now then
This phrase indicates a transition or a shift in the narrative. In the Hebrew text, the word used is "וְעַתָּה" (ve'atah), which often signifies a call to action or a request. David, having fled from Saul, is now in a position of urgent need. This moment marks a pivotal point in David's journey, highlighting his reliance on God's provision even in dire circumstances.

what do you have on hand?
David's question to Ahimelech the priest is both practical and revealing of his immediate need. The Hebrew word for "hand" is "יָד" (yad), often symbolizing power or possession. In this context, it underscores David's vulnerability and dependence on the resources available at the tabernacle. Historically, this reflects the ancient Near Eastern custom of seeking sustenance and refuge in sacred spaces.

Give me
The phrase "Give me" is a direct request, showing David's boldness and faith. The Hebrew verb "נָתַן" (natan) means to give or to grant. David's approach to Ahimelech is not just a plea for physical sustenance but also an act of faith, trusting that God will provide through His servants. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God's provision for His anointed ones.

five loaves of bread
Bread, in biblical times, was a staple of life, symbolizing sustenance and God's provision. The number five can be seen as significant, often representing grace in biblical numerology. The Hebrew word for bread is "לֶחֶם" (lechem), which is also related to "Bethlehem," meaning "house of bread." This connection foreshadows the coming of Jesus, the Bread of Life, from Bethlehem.

or whatever can be found
David's flexibility in his request shows his humility and desperation. The phrase "whatever can be found" indicates his willingness to accept whatever God provides, trusting in His sufficiency. This reflects a heart of dependence on God, a theme that runs throughout David's life. The Hebrew root "מָצָא" (matsa) means to find or to discover, suggesting that God's provision may come in unexpected ways.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The future king of Israel, currently fleeing from King Saul, who seeks his life. David is in a state of desperation and need.

2. Ahimelech
The priest at Nob, who is approached by David for assistance. He is unaware of David's true situation and intentions.

3. Nob
A city of priests, where the tabernacle was located at this time. It serves as a temporary refuge for David.

4. Saul
The current king of Israel, who perceives David as a threat to his throne and is actively pursuing him.

5. The Bread of the Presence
Sacred bread that was placed before the Lord in the tabernacle, which David requests in his time of need.

Teaching Points

God's Provision in Desperation
Even in dire circumstances, God provides for His people. David's request for bread shows reliance on God's provision through unexpected means.

Mercy Over Ritual
The incident underscores the importance of mercy and human need over strict adherence to ritual, as later emphasized by Jesus.

Faith in Action
David's approach to Ahimelech demonstrates faith in action. He seeks help, trusting that God will provide through others.

The Role of Priests
Ahimelech's role highlights the priestly duty to serve and provide for those in need, even when the situation is unclear.

Trust in God's Plan
Despite being anointed as king, David faces trials. This teaches us to trust in God's timing and plan, even when circumstances seem contrary.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does David's request for bread demonstrate his faith in God's provision, and how can we apply this in our own times of need?

2. In what ways does this passage illustrate the principle of mercy over ritual, and how can this principle guide our actions today?

3. How does the role of Ahimelech as a priest inform our understanding of spiritual leadership and service to others?

4. Reflect on a time when you faced a desperate situation. How did you see God's provision, and how can this passage encourage you in future challenges?

5. How does David's experience in 1 Samuel 21:3 connect with Jesus' teaching in the New Testament, and what does this reveal about the continuity of God's character and principles?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 12:1-4
Jesus references this event when His disciples are criticized for picking grain on the Sabbath, highlighting the principle of mercy over ritual.

Psalm 34
Written by David during this period, expressing trust in God amidst fear and danger.

Leviticus 24:5-9
Describes the Bread of the Presence, its preparation, and its sacred purpose, providing context for David's request.