1 Samuel 20:5

So David told him, "Look, tomorrow is the New Moon, and I am supposed to dine with the king. Instead, let me go and hide in the field until the third evening from now.

Study Bible

So David said to Jonathan
This phrase introduces a pivotal moment in the narrative of David and Jonathan's friendship. The Hebrew root for "said" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used to denote not just speaking, but conveying a message of importance. David, anointed by God yet pursued by King Saul, seeks counsel and aid from Jonathan, Saul's son. This highlights the deep trust and covenantal bond between them, transcending familial loyalty and reflecting a divine orchestration of relationships for God's purposes.

Indeed, tomorrow is the New Moon
The mention of the "New Moon" is significant in the Hebrew calendar, marking the beginning of a new month and often associated with religious observance and communal gatherings. The Hebrew word for "New Moon" is "חֹדֶשׁ" (chodesh), which also means "month." This context suggests a time of renewal and reflection, a moment when David anticipates Saul's actions and seeks to discern God's will through the unfolding events.

and I am supposed to sit with the king to eat
David's expected presence at the king's table underscores his position within Saul's court, despite the growing tension. The Hebrew word for "sit" is "יָשַׁב" (yashab), implying dwelling or abiding, which contrasts with David's current fugitive status. This phrase highlights the precariousness of David's situation, caught between his duty and the threat to his life, and foreshadows the testing of loyalties and divine protection.

But let me go
David's request to "go" is rooted in the Hebrew "שָׁלַח" (shalach), meaning to send or let go. This plea is not just for physical departure but signifies a deeper yearning for safety and divine guidance. It reflects David's reliance on God's providence and the necessity of strategic withdrawal in the face of danger, trusting in God's timing and deliverance.

so that I may hide in the field
The act of hiding, from the Hebrew "סָתַר" (satar), conveys a sense of seeking refuge and protection. The "field" symbolizes a place of solitude and vulnerability, yet also a space where God often meets His people. This imagery evokes the pastoral scenes of David's earlier life as a shepherd, reminding us of God's faithfulness in both open pastures and hidden places.

until the third evening
The "third evening" marks a specific time frame, emphasizing the urgency and precision of David's plan. Biblically, the number three often signifies completeness or divine intervention. This period of waiting and watching is a test of faith and patience, echoing the resurrection motif where deliverance and revelation come after three days. It invites reflection on God's perfect timing and the assurance of His plans coming to fruition.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The anointed future king of Israel, currently serving in King Saul's court. He is in a precarious position due to Saul's jealousy and attempts on his life.

2. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. He is caught between his loyalty to his father and his covenant friendship with David.

3. King Saul
The first king of Israel, who has become increasingly hostile towards David due to jealousy and fear of losing his throne.

4. New Moon Festival
A significant religious and social event in ancient Israel, marking the beginning of the month. It involved sacrifices and communal meals.

5. Field
The place where David plans to hide, symbolizing his need for safety and the precariousness of his situation.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Godly Friendships
Jonathan and David's relationship exemplifies the strength and support found in friendships rooted in faith and mutual respect. Believers should seek and cultivate friendships that encourage spiritual growth and provide support in times of trial.

Trusting God's Timing
David's decision to hide rather than confront Saul shows his reliance on God's timing and protection. In our lives, we should trust God's plan and timing, even when circumstances seem dire.

The Role of Tradition and Community
The New Moon festival highlights the importance of communal worship and tradition. Engaging in regular fellowship and worship with other believers strengthens our faith and community bonds.

Courage in Adversity
David's situation required courage and wisdom. As believers, we are called to face challenges with faith and courage, trusting in God's provision and guidance.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the friendship between David and Jonathan challenge or inspire your own relationships? What qualities of their friendship can you apply to your life?

2. In what ways can you trust God's timing in your current circumstances, as David did when he chose to hide?

3. How do you participate in communal worship and traditions, and how do these practices strengthen your faith?

4. What steps can you take to show courage and wisdom in a challenging situation you are currently facing?

5. How can the account of David and Jonathan inform your understanding of loyalty and faithfulness in your relationships with others and with God?

Connections to Other Scriptures

1 Samuel 18:1-4
This passage describes the covenant friendship between David and Jonathan, highlighting the depth of their bond and Jonathan's willingness to protect David.

Psalm 55:12-14
David's lament about betrayal by a close friend can be seen as reflective of the tension and potential betrayal he faces from Saul, despite Saul's earlier favor.

Proverbs 17:17
This verse speaks to the loyalty of a friend, which is exemplified in Jonathan's actions towards David.

Hebrews 10:25
The importance of gathering together, as seen in the New Moon festival, is echoed in the New Testament's encouragement for believers to meet regularly.