1 Samuel 20:23

And as for the matter you and I have discussed, the LORD is a witness between you and me forever."

Study Bible

And as for the matter
This phrase refers to the secretive and crucial conversation between Jonathan and David regarding Saul's intentions. The Hebrew word for "matter" is "dabar," which can mean word, thing, or matter. It emphasizes the gravity and importance of their discussion, highlighting the weight of their covenant and the seriousness of the situation. In the context of ancient Israel, words and promises held significant power, often seen as binding and sacred.

you and I discussed
The phrase underscores the personal and intimate nature of the conversation between Jonathan and David. It reflects the deep bond and trust between them. The Hebrew root "siach" implies a dialogue or meditation, suggesting that their discussion was thoughtful and deliberate. This highlights the importance of communication and understanding in relationships, especially when facing trials.

the LORD is a witness
This declaration invokes the divine as the ultimate overseer of their covenant. The Hebrew word for "witness" is "ed," which signifies someone who testifies or bears witness. In ancient times, invoking God as a witness was a solemn act, ensuring that the agreement was not just between men but under divine observation. It reflects the belief in God's omnipresence and His role as the ultimate judge and protector of truth.

between you and me
This phrase emphasizes the personal commitment and accountability between Jonathan and David. It signifies a mutual understanding and agreement, highlighting the strength of their friendship. The Hebrew preposition "beyn" indicates a relationship or connection, underscoring the bond that transcends mere words. It serves as a reminder of the importance of loyalty and faithfulness in friendships.

forever
The use of "forever" signifies the eternal nature of their covenant. The Hebrew word "olam" can mean everlasting or perpetual, indicating that their agreement is not limited by time. This reflects the biblical theme of enduring covenants, reminiscent of God's eternal promises to His people. It serves as an inspiration for believers to strive for lasting commitments and to trust in the eternal nature of God's promises.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The future king of Israel, anointed by Samuel, and a man after God's own heart. At this point, he is fleeing from King Saul, who seeks to kill him.

2. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. He is known for his loyalty to David and his faithfulness to God.

3. The LORD
The covenant-keeping God of Israel, who is invoked as a witness to the covenant between David and Jonathan.

4. The Covenant
A solemn agreement between David and Jonathan, ensuring mutual protection and loyalty, with God as their witness.

5. Ramah
The place where David fled to seek refuge with Samuel, and where part of the events leading to this covenant took place.

Teaching Points

The Importance of Godly Friendships
David and Jonathan's relationship exemplifies the strength and importance of friendships rooted in faith and mutual respect.

Covenant Loyalty
The covenant between David and Jonathan highlights the significance of loyalty and faithfulness in relationships, with God as the ultimate witness.

God as a Witness
Invoking God as a witness in agreements underscores the seriousness and sacredness of our commitments.

Trust in God's Sovereignty
Despite the danger David faced, the covenant with Jonathan and the invocation of God as a witness reflect a deep trust in God's sovereign plan.

Enduring Promises
The eternal nature of the covenant between David and Jonathan reminds us of the enduring promises of God to His people.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the friendship between David and Jonathan challenge or inspire your own relationships with others?

2. In what ways can you incorporate God as a witness in your commitments and promises today?

3. How does the concept of covenant loyalty apply to your relationship with God and others?

4. Reflect on a time when you had to trust in God's sovereignty despite uncertain circumstances. How did that experience shape your faith?

5. How can the enduring nature of God's promises encourage you in your current life situation? Consider other biblical examples of God's faithfulness.

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 31:49-50
The covenant between Laban and Jacob, where God is called as a witness to their agreement, similar to how God is a witness between David and Jonathan.

Proverbs 18:24
This verse speaks of a friend who sticks closer than a brother, reflecting the deep bond between David and Jonathan.

Hebrews 6:16-18
Discusses the unchangeable nature of God's promises, paralleling the enduring nature of the covenant between David and Jonathan.