1 Samuel 20:22

But if I say to the young man, 'Look, the arrows are beyond you,' then you must go, for the LORD has sent you away.

Study Bible

But if I say to the young man
This phrase introduces a conditional statement, indicating a potential scenario. In the Hebrew context, the word "young man" (נַעַר, na'ar) often refers to a servant or a youth. Jonathan, the speaker, is using this phrase to communicate a secret message to David. The use of a young man as a messenger highlights the innocence and unawareness of the servant in the larger scheme of events, emphasizing the clandestine nature of Jonathan and David's communication.

‘Look, the arrows are beyond you,’
The phrase "the arrows are beyond you" serves as a coded message. In the historical context, archery was a common skill, and the use of arrows here is symbolic. The Hebrew word for "beyond" (הָלְאָה, hal'ah) suggests something that is further away or out of reach. This phrase is a prearranged signal between Jonathan and David, indicating danger and the need for David to flee. The use of such a signal underscores the perilous situation and the need for discretion due to King Saul's hostility towards David.

then you must go
This directive is clear and urgent. The Hebrew verb for "go" (לֵךְ, lekh) is an imperative, conveying a sense of immediacy and necessity. Jonathan is instructing David to leave without delay, highlighting the seriousness of the threat posed by Saul. This command reflects Jonathan's loyalty and concern for David's safety, even at the risk of his own relationship with his father, Saul.

for the LORD has sent you away
This phrase attributes the situation to divine intervention. The use of "the LORD" (יְהוָה, Yahweh) emphasizes the belief in God's sovereignty and guidance. In the conservative Christian perspective, this reflects the understanding that God is actively involved in the lives of His people, directing their paths according to His will. The phrase "has sent you away" suggests that David's departure is not merely a result of human circumstances but is orchestrated by God for a greater purpose. This underscores the theme of divine providence and protection throughout David's life, as God prepares him for future leadership over Israel.

Persons / Places / Events

1. David
The future king of Israel, currently fleeing from King Saul who seeks his life. David is a central figure in this account, representing God's chosen leader.

2. Jonathan
The son of King Saul and a close friend of David. Jonathan is caught between his loyalty to his father and his covenant friendship with David.

3. King Saul
The first king of Israel, who has become increasingly paranoid and hostile towards David, seeing him as a threat to his throne.

4. The Field
The location where Jonathan and David meet to discuss Saul's intentions. It serves as a neutral ground for their secret communication.

5. The Young Man (Lad)
A servant of Jonathan who is unaware of the true purpose of the arrow-shooting signal, used as a means of communication between Jonathan and David.

Teaching Points

Divine Guidance in Uncertainty
Just as Jonathan and David relied on God's guidance through their circumstances, we too must seek God's direction in times of uncertainty. Trust that God will provide clarity and a path forward.

The Value of Godly Friendships
Jonathan and David's relationship exemplifies the importance of having friends who encourage us in our faith and stand by us in trials. Cultivate friendships that are rooted in mutual faith and support.

Courage to Act Righteously
Jonathan's actions demonstrate the courage to do what is right, even when it is difficult. We are called to act with integrity and righteousness, trusting God with the outcomes.

The Sovereignty of God
The phrase "for the LORD has sent you away" underscores God's sovereignty in the unfolding events. Recognize that God is in control, even when circumstances seem dire.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the relationship between Jonathan and David challenge us to evaluate our own friendships? What qualities should we seek in a godly friend?

2. In what ways can we discern God's guidance in our lives, especially when facing difficult decisions or uncertain futures?

3. How does Jonathan's willingness to protect David at personal risk inspire us to act courageously in our own lives?

4. Reflect on a time when you experienced God's sovereignty in a challenging situation. How did it shape your faith and trust in Him?

5. How can we apply the principle of seeking God's will and direction in our daily lives, as demonstrated by Jonathan and David's reliance on divine guidance?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Genesis 31:49
The concept of God watching over a covenant relationship, similar to the covenant between Jonathan and David.

Proverbs 17:17
The theme of friendship and loyalty, as Jonathan demonstrates steadfast love and loyalty to David despite the danger.

John 15:13
The ultimate expression of love and sacrifice, reflecting Jonathan's willingness to protect David at great personal risk.