1 Samuel 2:10
Those who oppose the LORD will be shattered. He will thunder from heaven against them. The LORD will judge the ends of the earth and will give power to His king. He will exalt the horn of His anointed."
Those who oppose the LORD
This phrase refers to individuals or nations that set themselves against God's will and purposes. In the Hebrew context, the word for "oppose" can imply active resistance or rebellion. Historically, Israel faced many adversaries who opposed God's covenant people, and this opposition was seen as directly against God Himself. Theologically, this highlights the futility of resisting the divine will, as God is sovereign over all creation.

will be shattered
The Hebrew root for "shattered" conveys a sense of complete destruction or breaking into pieces. This imagery is powerful, suggesting that those who stand against God will not merely be defeated but utterly broken. This reflects the ultimate triumph of God's justice and the assurance that evil will not prevail.

He will thunder from heaven
The imagery of God thundering from heaven evokes the power and majesty of God. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, thunder was often associated with divine presence and power. This phrase underscores God's active involvement in the world and His ability to intervene decisively in human affairs. It also recalls the theophany at Mount Sinai, where God's presence was accompanied by thunder and lightning.

against them
This specifies the target of God's judgment—those who oppose Him. It emphasizes the personal nature of God's justice, where He actively confronts and deals with those who resist His authority. This serves as a warning to those who would challenge God's sovereignty.

The LORD will judge the ends of the earth
This phrase expands the scope of God's judgment to a universal level. The "ends of the earth" signifies all nations and peoples, indicating that God's authority and justice are not limited to Israel but extend to the entire world. This foreshadows the eschatological judgment where God will hold all humanity accountable.

He will give power to His king
This is a prophetic declaration of God's intention to establish a king who will rule under His authority. In the historical context, this anticipates the monarchy in Israel, beginning with Saul and culminating in David. Theologically, it points to the ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, the King of Kings, who is endowed with divine authority.

He will exalt the horn of His anointed
The "horn" is a symbol of strength and power in biblical literature. To "exalt the horn" means to increase in strength and honor. "His anointed" refers to the one chosen by God, which in the immediate context would be the king of Israel, but ultimately points to the Messiah, Jesus Christ. This phrase encapsulates the hope of God's people for a righteous ruler who will lead them in accordance with God's will.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Hannah
The mother of Samuel, who offers this prayer of praise and prophecy after dedicating her son to the Lord's service.

2. The LORD
The central figure in this verse, depicted as the ultimate judge and source of power.

3. The Anointed
Refers prophetically to the future king of Israel, and ultimately to the Messiah, Jesus Christ.

4. The Ends of the Earth
Symbolizes the entirety of the world, indicating the universal scope of God's judgment and reign.

5. Heaven
The realm from which God thunders, signifying His divine authority and power.
Teaching Points
God's Sovereignty and Judgment
God is the ultimate judge who will shatter those who oppose Him. This calls believers to live in reverence and obedience to His will.

The Power of Prayer and Prophecy
Hannah's prayer is both a personal expression of faith and a prophetic declaration. Believers are encouraged to pray with faith, trusting in God's promises.

The Exaltation of the Anointed
The verse points to the future king and ultimately to Christ. Believers are reminded of the hope and assurance found in Jesus, the Anointed One.

Universal Scope of God's Reign
God's judgment and reign extend to the ends of the earth, emphasizing the global mission of the Church to proclaim His kingdom.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does Hannah's prayer in 1 Samuel 2:10 reflect her understanding of God's character and power?

2. In what ways does this verse foreshadow the coming of Jesus Christ as the Anointed One?

3. How can believers today find comfort in the assurance of God's ultimate judgment and sovereignty?

4. What role does prayer play in aligning our hearts with God's purposes, as seen in Hannah's example?

5. How can the themes of God's universal reign and judgment motivate us in our mission to share the Gospel?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Psalm 2
This psalm echoes the themes of God's judgment and the exaltation of His anointed king, reinforcing the messianic prophecy.

Revelation 19
Describes the ultimate judgment and the return of Christ, aligning with the themes of divine power and authority.

Philippians 2
Highlights the exaltation of Jesus Christ, the ultimate fulfillment of the prophecy concerning God's anointed.
The King MessiahB. Dale 1 Samuel 2:10
Hannah's SongA. F. Kirkpatrick, D. D.1 Samuel 2:1-10
Hannah's Song of ThanksgivingW. G. Blaikie.1 Samuel 2:1-10
Rejoicing in the LordB. Dale 1 Samuel 2:1-10
Spiritual GladnessManton, Thomas1 Samuel 2:1-10
The Prayer Song of HannahD. Fraser 1 Samuel 2:1-10
People
Eli, Elkanah, Hannah, Hophni, Israelites, Pharaoh, Phinehas, Samuel
Places
Egypt, Ramah, Shiloh
Topics
Adversaries, Anointed, Broken, Contend, Ends, Exalt, Exalteth, Giveth, Heaven, Heavens, Holy, Horn, Judge, Judgeth, Lifting, Oil, Pieces, Power, Shattered, Sky, Strength, Strive, Thunder, Thundereth, War
Dictionary of Bible Themes
1 Samuel 2:10

     1105   God, power of
     1130   God, sovereignty
     4203   earth, the
     4654   horn
     4852   thunder
     9210   judgment, God's

1 Samuel 2:1-10

     5849   exaltation
     8352   thankfulness

1 Samuel 2:9-10

     4812   darkness, God's judgment

Library
The Child Prophet
'And the child Samuel ministered unto the Lord before Eli. And the word of the Lord was precious in those days; there was no open vision. 2. And it came to pass at that time, when Eli was laid down in his place, and his eyes began to wax dim, that he could not see; 8. And ere the lamp of God went out in the temple of the Lord, where the ark of God was, and Samuel was laid down to sleep; 4. That the Lord called Samuel: and he answered, Here am I. 5. And he ran onto Eli, and said, Here am I; for thou
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Reverence in Worship.
"Samuel ministered before the Lord, being a child, girded with a linen ephod."--1 Samuel ii. 18. Samuel, viewed in his place in sacred history, that is, in the course of events which connect Moses with Christ, appears as a great ruler and teacher of his people; this is his prominent character. He was the first of the prophets; yet, when we read the sacred narrative itself, in which his life is set before us, I suppose those passages are the more striking and impressive which represent him, in
John Henry Newman—Parochial and Plain Sermons, Vol. VIII

The Knowledge of God
'The Lord is a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed.' I Sam 2:2. Glorious things are spoken of God; he transcends our thoughts, and the praises of angels. God's glory lies chiefly in his attributes, which are the several beams by which the divine nature shines forth. Among other of his orient excellencies, this is not the least, The Lord is a God of knowledge; or as the Hebrew word is, A God of knowledges.' Through the bright mirror of his own essence, he has a full idea and cognisance
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Though the Fore-Mentioned Eternal Moral Obligations
are incumbent indeed on all rational creatures, antecedent to any respect of particular reward or punishment, yet they must certainly and necessarily be attended with rewards and punishments: Because the same reasons, which prove God himself to be necessarily just and good, and the rules of justice, equity, and goodness, to be his unalterable will, law, and command, to all created beings; prove also that he cannot but be pleased with and approve such creatures as imitate and obey him by observing
Samuel Clarke—A Discourse Concerning the Being and Attributes of God

Letter xxix. To Marcella.
An explanation of the Hebrew words Ephod bad (1 Sam. ii. 18) and Teraphim (Judges xvii. 5). Written at Rome to Marcella, also at Rome a.d. 384.
St. Jerome—The Principal Works of St. Jerome

A Private Enquiry
"What is the thing that the Lord hath said unto thee?"--1 Samuel 3:17. THE Lord would not speak directly to Eli, although he was the High Priest. In ordinary circumstances it would have been so; but Eli had grieved the Lord, and thus had lost his honorable standing. God had not cast him off; but he viewed him with such displeasure that he would only speak to him through another person: even as great kings, if they are offended with their courtiers, send them messages by other hands. The Lord sent,
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 37: 1891

Appendix xix. On Eternal Punishment, According to the Rabbis and the New Testament
THE Parables of the Ten Virgins' and of the Unfaithful Servant' close with a Discourse on the Last Things,' the final Judgment, and the fate of those Christ's Righ Hand and at His Left (St. Matt. xxv. 31-46). This final Judgment by our Lord forms a fundamental article in the Creed of the Church. It is the Christ Who comes, accompanied by the Angelic Host, and sits down on the throne of His Glory, when all nations are gathered before Him. Then the final separation is made, and joy or sorrow awarded
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Covenanting a Privilege of Believers.
Whatever attainment is made by any as distinguished from the wicked, or whatever gracious benefit is enjoyed, is a spiritual privilege. Adoption into the family of God is of this character. "He came unto his own, and his own received him not. But as many as received him, to them gave he power (margin, or, the right; or, privilege) to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name."[617] And every co-ordinate benefit is essentially so likewise. The evidence besides, that Covenanting
John Cunningham—The Ordinance of Covenanting

The Mystery
Of the Woman dwelling in the Wilderness. The woman delivered of a child, when the dragon was overcome, from thenceforth dwelt in the wilderness, by which is figured the state of the Church, liberated from Pagan tyranny, to the time of the seventh trumpet, and the second Advent of Christ, by the type, not of a latent, invisible, but, as it were, an intermediate condition, like that of the lsraelitish Church journeying in the wilderness, from its departure from Egypt, to its entrance into the land
Joseph Mede—A Key to the Apocalypse

Sixth Day. Holiness and Glory.
Who is like unto Thee, O Lord! among the gods? Who is like unto Thee, glorious in holiness, Fearful in praises, doing wonders? Thou in Thy mercy hast led Thy people which Thou hast redeemed: Thou hast guided them in Thy strength to the habitation of Thy holiness ... The holy place, O Lord, which Thy hands have established.' --Ex. xv. 11-17. In these words we have another step in advance in the revelation of Holiness. We have here for the first time Holiness predicated of God Himself. He
Andrew Murray—Holy in Christ

Sanctification.
VI. Objections answered. I will consider those passages of scripture which are by some supposed to contradict the doctrine we have been considering. 1 Kings viii. 46: "If they sin against thee, (for there is no man that sinneth not,) and thou be angry with them, and deliver them to the enemy, so that they carry them away captives unto the land of the enemy, far or near," etc. On this passage, I remark:-- 1. That this sentiment in nearly the same language, is repeated in 2 Chron. vi. 26, and in Eccl.
Charles Grandison Finney—Systematic Theology

Seventeenth Sunday after Trinity the Christian Calling and Unity.
Text: Ephesians 4, 1-6. 1 I, therefore, the prisoner in the Lord, beseech you to walk worthily of the calling wherewith ye were called, 2 with all lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one another in love; 3 giving diligence to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. 4 There is one body, and one Spirit, even as also ye were called in one hope of your calling; 5 one Lord, one faith, one baptism, 6 one God and Father of all, who is over all, and through all, and in all.
Martin Luther—Epistle Sermons, Vol. III

The Sun Rising Upon a Dark World
The people that walked in darkness have seen a great light: they that dwell in the land of the shadow of death, upon then hath the light shined. C ontrasts are suited to illustrate and strengthen the impression of each other. The happiness of those, who by faith in MESSIAH, are brought into a state of peace, liberty, and comfort, is greatly enhanced and heightened by the consideration of that previous state of misery in which they once lived, and of the greater misery to which they were justly exposed.
John Newton—Messiah Vol. 1

Entire Sanctification
By Dr. Adam Clarke The word "sanctify" has two meanings. 1. It signifies to consecrate, to separate from earth and common use, and to devote or dedicate to God and his service. 2. It signifies to make holy or pure. Many talk much, and indeed well, of what Christ has done for us: but how little is spoken of what he is to do in us! and yet all that he has done for us is in reference to what he is to do in us. He was incarnated, suffered, died, and rose again from the dead; ascended to heaven, and there
Adam Clarke—Entire Sanctification

The Holiness of God
The next attribute is God's holiness. Exod 15:51. Glorious in holiness.' Holiness is the most sparkling jewel of his crown; it is the name by which God is known. Psa 111:1. Holy and reverend is his name.' He is the holy One.' Job 6:60. Seraphims cry, Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts, the whole earth is full of his glory.' Isa 6:6. His power makes him mighty, his holiness makes him glorious. God's holiness consists in his perfect love of righteousness, and abhorrence of evil. Of purer eyes than
Thomas Watson—A Body of Divinity

Mothers, Daughters, and Wives in Israel
In order accurately to understand the position of woman in Israel, it is only necessary carefully to peruse the New Testament. The picture of social life there presented gives a full view of the place which she held in private and in public life. Here we do not find that separation, so common among Orientals at all times, but a woman mingles freely with others both at home and abroad. So far from suffering under social inferiority, she takes influential and often leading part in all movements, specially
Alfred Edersheim—Sketches of Jewish Social Life

Tiglath-Pileser iii. And the Organisation of the Assyrian Empire from 745 to 722 B. C.
TIGLATH-PILESER III. AND THE ORGANISATION OF THE ASSYRIAN EMPIRE FROM 745 to 722 B.C. FAILURE OF URARTU AND RE-CONQUEST Of SYRIA--EGYPT AGAIN UNITED UNDER ETHIOPIAN AUSPICES--PIONKHI--THE DOWNFALL OF DAMASCUS, OF BABYLON, AND OF ISRAEL. Assyria and its neighbours at the accession of Tiglath-pileser III.: progress of the Aramaeans in the basin of the Middle Tigris--Urartu and its expansion into the north of Syria--Damascus and Israel--Vengeance of Israel on Damascus--Jeroboam II.--Civilisation
G. Maspero—History Of Egypt, Chaldaea, Syria, Babylonia, and Assyria, V 7

Samuel
Alike from the literary and the historical point of view, the book[1] of Samuel stands midway between the book of Judges and the book of Kings. As we have already seen, the Deuteronomic book of Judges in all probability ran into Samuel and ended in ch. xii.; while the story of David, begun in Samuel, embraces the first two chapters of the first book of Kings. The book of Samuel is not very happily named, as much of it is devoted to Saul and the greater part to David; yet it is not altogether inappropriate,
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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