Beloved
This term of endearment, "Beloved," is translated from the Greek word "ἀγαπητοί" (agapetoi), which signifies those who are dearly loved. In the context of 1 John, it reflects the deep affection and pastoral concern the Apostle John has for his readers. It reminds us of our identity as cherished children of God, called to live in His love and truth.

do not believe
The phrase "do not believe" comes from the Greek "μὴ παντὶ πνεύματι πιστεύετε" (mē panti pneumati pisteuete), which literally means "do not believe every spirit." This is a caution against gullibility, urging believers to exercise discernment. In a world filled with diverse teachings and claims of spiritual truth, this command underscores the importance of critical thinking and spiritual vigilance.

every spirit
The term "spirit" (πνεῦμα, pneuma) can refer to various spiritual influences or teachings. In the biblical context, it often denotes supernatural entities or the essence of teachings that claim divine origin. The use of "every" emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the warning, indicating that not all spiritual experiences or teachings are from God.

but test the spirits
The Greek word for "test" is "δοκιμάζετε" (dokimazete), which means to examine or prove. This implies a process of evaluation and discernment, akin to testing metals for authenticity. Believers are called to scrutinize spiritual claims against the truth of Scripture and the witness of the Holy Spirit.

to see whether they are from God
This phrase highlights the ultimate criterion for testing spirits: their origin. The Greek "ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ" (ek tou Theou) means "from God," indicating that true spiritual messages align with God's character and revelation. This calls for a deep familiarity with God's Word and an intimate relationship with Him to discern His voice.

because many false prophets
The term "false prophets" (ψευδοπροφῆται, pseudoprophētai) refers to those who claim to speak for God but actually propagate deception. Historically, false prophets have been a persistent threat to the faith community, leading people away from the truth. This warning is a reminder of the spiritual warfare that believers face.

have gone out into the world
The phrase "have gone out" (ἐξεληλύθασιν, exelēlythasin) suggests an active and pervasive presence of false teachings. The "world" (κόσμον, kosmon) here represents the realm of human society that is often in opposition to God's kingdom. This underscores the urgency for believers to be vigilant and grounded in their faith amidst a world filled with spiritual counterfeits.

By this you know
The phrase "By this you know" serves as a definitive statement, providing believers with a clear criterion for discernment. The Greek word for "know" here is "γινώσκετε" (ginōskete), which implies a deep, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual assent. This suggests that the knowledge of the Spirit of God is not just theoretical but is something believers can experience and recognize in their daily walk with Christ. Historically, this assurance was crucial for early Christians who faced various false teachings and needed a reliable way to discern truth from error.

the Spirit of God
The "Spirit of God" refers to the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, who is active in the world and in the lives of believers. The Holy Spirit's role is to testify about Christ, guide believers into all truth, and empower them for godly living. In the context of 1 John, the Spirit of God is contrasted with false spirits, emphasizing the need for discernment. The presence of the Holy Spirit is a hallmark of true Christian faith and is evidenced by the confession of Jesus Christ as Lord.

Every spirit that confesses
The word "confesses" comes from the Greek "ὁμολογεῖ" (homologei), meaning to agree or to declare openly. This confession is not merely a verbal acknowledgment but a heartfelt declaration of faith. In the early church, confession was a public and often dangerous act, as it could lead to persecution. Thus, this confession is a bold affirmation of belief in Jesus Christ, distinguishing true believers from those who follow false teachings.

that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh
This phrase is central to Christian doctrine, affirming the incarnation of Jesus Christ. The Greek word "ἐληλυθότα" (elelythota) for "has come" indicates a completed action with ongoing significance. The incarnation is the belief that Jesus, the eternal Son of God, took on human nature and lived among us. This counters early heresies like Docetism, which denied Christ's true humanity. The historical reality of Jesus' life, death, and resurrection is foundational to the Christian faith, and this confession is a test of orthodoxy.

is from God
The phrase "is from God" signifies divine origin and approval. In the context of 1 John, it serves as a litmus test for determining the authenticity of spiritual claims. A spirit that acknowledges the true nature of Jesus Christ aligns with God's revelation and is therefore trustworthy. This assurance provides comfort and confidence to believers, affirming that their faith is rooted in divine truth and not human invention. The historical and scriptural context underscores the importance of adhering to apostolic teaching as the standard for truth.

but every spirit that does not confess Jesus
The phrase "every spirit that does not confess Jesus" is crucial in understanding the early Christian community's struggle against false teachings. The Greek word for "confess" is "homologeó," which means to agree or acknowledge openly. In the context of 1 John, this confession is not merely verbal but involves a deep, heartfelt acknowledgment of Jesus Christ's divine nature and His incarnation. Historically, the early church faced numerous heresies, such as Docetism, which denied Jesus' true humanity. This phrase serves as a litmus test for discerning true believers from false teachers, emphasizing the necessity of recognizing Jesus as both fully God and fully man.

is not from God
The phrase "is not from God" indicates a clear demarcation between divine truth and deception. The Greek preposition "ek" (from) suggests origin or source. In the Johannine context, being "from God" implies alignment with God's truth and character. This distinction is vital for the early church, which was surrounded by various religious and philosophical ideas. The apostle John emphasizes that any teaching or spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus' true identity is not divinely inspired and should be rejected by the faithful.

This is the spirit of the antichrist
The term "antichrist" is derived from the Greek "antichristos," meaning "against Christ" or "in place of Christ." This phrase highlights the active opposition to Christ and His teachings. In the historical context of the early church, the "spirit of the antichrist" refers to the pervasive false teachings and deceptive ideologies that sought to undermine the gospel. John warns believers of these spiritual adversaries, urging them to remain vigilant and grounded in the truth of Christ.

which you have heard is coming
The phrase "which you have heard is coming" reflects the early Christian teaching and awareness of future challenges to the faith. The use of "heard" suggests that the community was already informed and warned about the rise of false prophets and teachings. This anticipation of the antichrist's coming serves as a call to preparedness and spiritual discernment, reminding believers of the ongoing spiritual battle and the need to uphold the truth.

and now is already in the world
The phrase "and now is already in the world" underscores the immediacy and presence of false teachings during John's time. The use of "already" indicates that the threat is not just a future concern but a present reality. This serves as a sobering reminder to the early church—and to believers today—of the constant presence of spiritual deception. It calls Christians to be ever watchful, discerning, and steadfast in their faith, relying on the Holy Spirit for guidance and strength in the face of opposition.

You, little children
The phrase "You, little children" is a tender address from the Apostle John to the believers. The Greek word for "little children" is "τεκνία" (teknia), which conveys a sense of endearment and spiritual parenthood. John, as an elder and spiritual father, is expressing his deep affection and concern for the spiritual well-being of his readers. This term also implies a level of spiritual immaturity or vulnerability, suggesting that believers, regardless of their physical age, are always in need of guidance and protection from their Heavenly Father. Historically, this reflects the early Christian community's understanding of themselves as a family, bound together by faith and love.

are from God
The phrase "are from God" emphasizes the divine origin and identity of believers. The Greek preposition "ἐκ" (ek) indicates source or origin, affirming that believers are born of God and belong to Him. This is a profound statement of identity, reminding Christians that their spiritual lineage is rooted in God Himself. In the historical context of the early church, this was a powerful affirmation against the backdrop of a pagan society, reinforcing the idea that Christians are set apart and have a unique relationship with the Creator.

and have overcome them
The phrase "and have overcome them" speaks to the victory believers have over false prophets and the spirit of antichrist. The Greek word "νενικήκατε" (nenikēkate) is in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action with ongoing results. This suggests that the victory is both a past event and a present reality. Historically, this would have been a source of encouragement to early Christians facing persecution and false teachings, reminding them that through their faith in Christ, they have already triumphed over the spiritual forces of darkness.

because greater is He who is in you
The phrase "because greater is He who is in you" refers to the indwelling presence of the Holy Spirit. The Greek word "μείζων" (meizōn) means "greater" or "mightier," emphasizing the superiority of God's power within believers compared to any external force. This is a profound theological truth that assures Christians of the omnipotence of God working in and through them. In the scriptural context, this serves as a reassurance that no matter the challenges or opposition faced, the power of God within them is greater than any adversary.

than he who is in the world
The phrase "than he who is in the world" contrasts the power of God with the power of Satan, who is often referred to as the ruler of this world. The Greek word "κόσμος" (kosmos) refers to the world system that is in opposition to God. This highlights the spiritual battle between the kingdom of God and the kingdom of darkness. Historically, this would have been a comforting reminder to early Christians that despite the apparent power and influence of evil in the world, it is ultimately inferior to the power of God. This assurance continues to inspire believers today, encouraging them to stand firm in their faith, knowing that they are on the victorious side.

They are of the world
The phrase "They are of the world" indicates a clear distinction between those who belong to God and those who belong to the world. The Greek word for "world" here is "kosmos," which often refers to the fallen, sinful system opposed to God. This phrase suggests that those who are "of the world" are influenced by worldly values and priorities, which are in direct contrast to the teachings of Christ. Historically, the early Christian community faced significant pressure from both Jewish and pagan societies, which often led to a blending of worldly philosophies with Christian doctrine. This warning serves as a reminder to remain vigilant against such influences.

That is why they speak from the world’s perspective
The phrase "speak from the world’s perspective" highlights the source and nature of their message. The Greek word for "speak" is "laleō," which implies not just casual conversation but a proclamation or teaching. Those who are "of the world" naturally communicate ideas and values that align with worldly principles. This reflects a broader biblical theme where speech is a reflection of the heart's condition (Matthew 12:34). In a historical context, this could refer to false teachers who were leading believers astray by integrating secular philosophies into their teachings, thus diluting the gospel's purity.

and the world listens to them
The phrase "and the world listens to them" underscores the receptivity of worldly people to messages that resonate with their own values and desires. The Greek word for "listens" is "akouō," which means to hear with attention and understanding. This implies an acceptance and approval of the worldly message. In the early church, this was a significant challenge as false teachers often gained large followings by appealing to popular cultural norms and desires. This serves as a cautionary note for believers to discern carefully what they hear and to ensure it aligns with the truth of Scripture, rather than the shifting values of society.

We are from God
This phrase establishes the identity and authority of the apostles and believers as originating from God. The Greek word for "from" is "ἐκ" (ek), indicating a source or origin. This implies a divine commissioning and connection, emphasizing that true believers are born of God and reflect His nature. Historically, this assertion would have been crucial in distinguishing the early Christian community from false teachers and heretical movements that were prevalent in the first century.

Whoever knows God
The Greek word for "knows" is "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which implies an intimate, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual assent. This knowledge is relational, indicating a deep, personal relationship with God. In the context of the early church, this would have been a distinguishing mark of true believers, as opposed to those who merely professed faith without genuine understanding or relationship.

listens to us
The act of listening here is more than just hearing; it involves obedience and acceptance of the apostolic teaching. The Greek word "ἀκούει" (akouei) suggests an active engagement with the message. In the historical context, this was a call to adhere to the teachings of the apostles, who were the authoritative bearers of Christ's message. It underscores the importance of apostolic doctrine as the standard of truth.

whoever is not from God
This phrase delineates a clear boundary between those who belong to God and those who do not. The use of "not from God" indicates a lack of divine origin or connection. In the early church, this would have been a critical distinction, as false teachers often claimed divine authority. This phrase serves as a warning against those who might lead believers astray.

does not listen to us
The refusal to listen is indicative of a spiritual condition. The Greek construction here implies a deliberate choice to reject apostolic authority. Historically, this would have been a significant issue, as the early church faced numerous challenges from false teachings. This phrase serves as a litmus test for discerning true believers from imposters.

This is how we know
The phrase "This is how we know" introduces a criterion for discernment. The Greek word "γινώσκομεν" (ginōskomen) again emphasizes experiential knowledge. This knowledge is not speculative but is based on observable evidence of who listens to apostolic teaching. It provides assurance and clarity to believers in distinguishing truth from error.

the Spirit of truth
The "Spirit of truth" refers to the Holy Spirit, who guides believers into all truth. The Greek word "ἀλήθεια" (alētheia) signifies reality as opposed to illusion. In the context of 1 John, this is a reassurance that the Holy Spirit will lead believers to recognize and adhere to true doctrine. It is a promise of divine guidance and protection against deception.

and the spirit of falsehood
The "spirit of falsehood" represents the influence of deception and lies, often propagated by false teachers. The Greek word "πλάνη" (planē) means error or deceit. Historically, this would have been a significant concern for the early church, as false teachings threatened to undermine the gospel. This phrase serves as a warning and a call to vigilance, reminding believers to rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment.

Beloved
This term is a translation of the Greek word "ἀγαπητοί" (agapetoi), which conveys a deep, affectionate love. It is often used in the New Testament to address fellow believers, emphasizing the special bond and unity within the Christian community. Historically, this term reflects the early church's understanding of being a family in Christ, bound together by divine love.

let us love one another
The Greek phrase "ἀγαπῶμεν ἀλλήλους" (agapōmen allēlous) is an exhortation to practice "agape" love, which is selfless, sacrificial, and unconditional. This command is rooted in the teachings of Jesus, who emphasized love as the greatest commandment. In the historical context of the early church, this call to love was radical, challenging believers to transcend social, ethnic, and cultural barriers.

for love comes from God
The phrase "ἡ ἀγάπη ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν" (hē agapē ek tou Theou estin) highlights the divine origin of true love. In a theological sense, this asserts that God is the ultimate source and example of love. The early Christians understood this as a call to reflect God's character in their interactions, recognizing that their ability to love is a gift from God.

Everyone who loves
The Greek "πᾶς ὁ ἀγαπῶν" (pas ho agapōn) indicates inclusivity, suggesting that anyone who exhibits true love is participating in the divine nature. This phrase challenges believers to examine the authenticity of their love, ensuring it aligns with the selfless love demonstrated by Christ.

has been born of God
The phrase "ἐκ τοῦ Θεοῦ γεγέννηται" (ek tou Theou gegennētai) uses the concept of spiritual rebirth, a theme prevalent in the New Testament. This rebirth signifies a transformation and new identity in Christ. Historically, this was a powerful message for early Christians, affirming their new status as children of God, distinct from their previous lives.

and knows God
The Greek "καὶ γινώσκει τὸν Θεόν" (kai ginōskei ton Theon) implies an intimate, experiential knowledge of God, beyond mere intellectual understanding. In the scriptural context, to "know" God is to have a personal relationship with Him, characterized by obedience and love. This knowledge is both a privilege and a responsibility, calling believers to live in a way that reflects their connection to the divine.

Whoever does not love
This phrase sets a clear and universal standard for believers. The Greek word for "love" here is "agapē," which refers to a selfless, sacrificial, unconditional love. In the context of early Christianity, this was a radical departure from the more common forms of love, such as "eros" (romantic love) or "philia" (brotherly love). The use of "whoever" emphasizes the inclusivity of this command, indicating that no one is exempt from the call to love. Historically, this was a defining characteristic of the early Christian community, setting them apart in a world often marked by division and strife.

does not know God
The Greek word for "know" is "ginōskō," which implies an intimate, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual assent. In the Jewish tradition, to "know" God was to have a deep, personal relationship with Him, akin to the covenant relationship described throughout the Old Testament. This phrase underscores the inseparable link between love and the knowledge of God. It suggests that without love, one cannot truly understand or experience the nature of God. This was a profound statement in the context of the Greco-Roman world, where knowledge was often seen as an abstract or philosophical pursuit.

because God is love
This is one of the most profound theological declarations in the New Testament. The Greek construction here is "ho Theos agapē estin," which can be translated as "God is love." This is not merely an attribute of God but His very essence. In the Hebrew Scriptures, God's love is often demonstrated through His covenant faithfulness and mercy. The early church fathers, such as Augustine and Athanasius, emphasized that this love is both immanent and transcendent, meaning it is present within creation and yet beyond it. This statement challenges believers to reflect God's nature in their own lives, embodying His love in their interactions with others. Historically, this understanding of God as love has been a cornerstone of Christian theology, influencing countless doctrines and practices throughout the centuries.

This is how
The phrase "This is how" introduces a demonstration or manifestation of something significant. In the context of 1 John 4:9, it sets the stage for understanding the tangible expression of God's love. The Greek word used here, "ἐν τούτῳ" (en toutō), emphasizes the manner or means by which something is made known. It invites the reader to pay attention to the subsequent explanation of divine love, which is not abstract but concrete and observable.

God’s love
The term "God’s love" refers to the agape love of God, which is selfless, sacrificial, and unconditional. In Greek, "ἀγάπη" (agapē) is the highest form of love, distinct from human emotions or affections. This love is central to the Christian faith, as it reflects God's nature and His relationship with humanity. Historically, the concept of divine love was revolutionary in the Greco-Roman world, where gods were often seen as distant or capricious. The Christian understanding of God's love as personal and redemptive was transformative.

was revealed
The phrase "was revealed" comes from the Greek word "φανερόω" (phaneroō), meaning to make visible or manifest. This implies that God's love, though always present, became evident in a new and unmistakable way. The revelation of God's love is not merely a theological concept but an event in history, specifically through the incarnation of Jesus Christ. This revelation is foundational to the Christian message, as it shows that God actively engages with His creation.

among us
"Among us" indicates the communal and relational aspect of God's revelation. The Greek phrase "ἐν ἡμῖν" (en hēmin) suggests that this revelation is not distant or abstract but occurs within the human experience. It underscores the idea that God's love is not just for individuals but for the community of believers. Historically, this reflects the early Christian understanding of the church as a living body where God's presence is experienced collectively.

God sent
The action "God sent" highlights the initiative and purpose of God in the salvation narrative. The Greek word "ἀπέστειλεν" (apesteilen) conveys the idea of sending forth with authority and mission. This sending is a deliberate act of love, demonstrating God's proactive role in reaching out to humanity. It echoes the Old Testament theme of God sending prophets and messengers, culminating in the sending of His Son.

His one and only Son
The phrase "His one and only Son" emphasizes the uniqueness and preciousness of Jesus Christ. The Greek term "μονογενῆ" (monogenē) is often translated as "only begotten," signifying the singular and unparalleled relationship between the Father and the Son. This highlights the depth of God's love, as He did not withhold His most cherished, but gave Him for the sake of humanity. It reflects the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies and the centrality of Christ in God's redemptive plan.

into the world
"Into the world" signifies the incarnation, where the divine entered the human realm. The Greek "εἰς τὸν κόσμον" (eis ton kosmon) indicates a movement from the heavenly to the earthly, underscoring the humility and condescension of Christ. This act of entering the world is pivotal, as it bridges the gap between God and humanity, allowing for reconciliation and relationship. It also challenges believers to engage with the world in a manner that reflects Christ's mission.

so that we might live
The purpose clause "so that we might live" reveals the intended outcome of God's sending of His Son. The Greek "ἵνα ζήσωμεν" (hina zēsōmen) suggests not just physical life but a new, spiritual life characterized by relationship with God. This life is abundant and eternal, contrasting with the death and separation caused by sin. It is a call to experience the fullness of life that Jesus offers, rooted in His love and sacrifice.

through Him
The phrase "through Him" indicates the means by which this new life is possible. The Greek "δι’ αὐτοῦ" (di’ autou) emphasizes that Jesus is the mediator and conduit of divine life. It affirms the exclusivity of Christ as the way to the Father, a central tenet of Christian faith. This underscores the necessity of faith in Jesus for salvation and the transformative power of His presence in the believer's life.

And this is love
The phrase begins with a definitive statement about the nature of true love. In Greek, the word for love here is "agape," which signifies a selfless, sacrificial, unconditional love. This sets the stage for understanding love not as a human emotion or action, but as a divine attribute and initiative. In the historical context of the early church, this was a radical departure from the prevailing cultural norms, which often viewed love as transactional or self-serving.

not that we loved God
This phrase emphasizes human inability and the inadequacy of human love in comparison to divine love. The Greek word for "loved" is "ēgapēkamen," indicating a past action. It underscores the fact that any love we have for God is a response, not an initiation. This reflects the biblical narrative of humanity's fall and the consistent theme of God reaching out to humanity first, as seen throughout the Old Testament.

but that He loved us
Here, the focus shifts to God's proactive love. The Greek word "ēgapēsen" is used, which is the aorist tense, indicating a definitive action. This highlights the historical reality of God's love demonstrated through Jesus Christ. Theologically, this is foundational to the Christian faith, affirming that God's love is not contingent upon human actions or worthiness.

and sent His Son
The sending of the Son is a central tenet of Christian doctrine, reflecting the mission and purpose of Jesus Christ. The Greek word "apesteilen" (sent) conveys the idea of commissioning with authority. This act of sending is rooted in the divine plan of salvation, as prophesied in the Old Testament and fulfilled in the New Testament. It underscores the Trinitarian relationship and the unity of purpose within the Godhead.

as an atoning sacrifice
The term "atoning sacrifice" is translated from the Greek word "hilasmon," which refers to propitiation or expiation. This concept is deeply rooted in the sacrificial system of the Old Testament, where sacrifices were made to atone for sin. In the New Testament context, it signifies the ultimate and final sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who satisfies the wrath of God and reconciles humanity to Him. This is a cornerstone of conservative Christian theology, emphasizing the necessity and sufficiency of Christ's sacrifice for salvation.

for our sins
The phrase concludes with the purpose of Christ's atoning work. The Greek word "hamartiōn" (sins) refers to the moral failures and transgressions that separate humanity from God. This acknowledgment of sin is crucial in understanding the need for redemption. Historically, this reflects the consistent biblical message of human sinfulness and the need for divine intervention. Theologically, it affirms the personal and communal aspect of salvation, as Christ's sacrifice addresses both individual and collective sin.

Beloved
This term is derived from the Greek word "ἀγαπητοί" (agapetoi), which signifies those who are dearly loved or cherished. In the context of 1 John, it reflects the intimate and affectionate relationship between the apostle John and his readers, as well as the profound love God has for His children. Historically, this term was used to address fellow believers, emphasizing the familial bond within the early Christian community. It serves as a reminder of the identity and worth of each believer as one who is deeply loved by God.

if God so loved us
The phrase "if God so loved us" is a conditional statement that points back to the preceding verses where God's love is demonstrated through the sending of His Son as the atoning sacrifice for our sins. The Greek word for "loved" here is "ἠγάπησεν" (ēgapēsen), which is the aorist tense of "agapao," indicating a definitive act of love. This love is not merely emotional but is demonstrated through action, specifically the sacrificial giving of Jesus Christ. The historical context of this love is rooted in the narrative of salvation history, where God's love is consistently shown through His covenantal faithfulness and redemptive acts.

we also ought
The word "ought" is translated from the Greek "ὀφείλομεν" (opheilomen), which implies a moral obligation or duty. This term suggests that the love God has shown us creates a binding responsibility for us to act in a similar manner. In the scriptural context, this obligation is not burdensome but is a natural response to the transformative experience of God's love. It reflects the ethical teachings of the New Testament, where love is the fulfillment of the law and the defining characteristic of a disciple of Christ.

to love one another
The command "to love one another" is central to the ethical teachings of the New Testament and is rooted in the Greek word "ἀγαπᾶν" (agapan), which denotes a selfless, sacrificial love that seeks the best for others. This love is not based on emotions or feelings but is a deliberate choice to act in the best interest of others, mirroring the love God has shown us. Historically, this command was radical in the Greco-Roman world, where social hierarchies and divisions were prevalent. In the early Christian community, this love transcended social, ethnic, and economic barriers, creating a new kind of community that reflected the kingdom of God. Scripturally, this command echoes Jesus' teachings in the Gospels, particularly in John 13:34-35, where Jesus instructs His disciples to love one another as He has loved them, thus identifying them as His followers.

No one has ever seen God
This phrase emphasizes the invisibility and transcendence of God. The Greek word for "seen" is "ἑώρακεν" (heōraken), which implies a physical sight or perception. Throughout Scripture, God is described as spirit (John 4:24), and His full glory is beyond human comprehension (Exodus 33:20). This statement underscores the mystery of God's nature and the limitations of human understanding. Historically, this aligns with the Jewish understanding of God's holiness and separateness, where even Moses could only see God's back (Exodus 33:23).

but if we love one another
The Greek word for "love" here is "ἀγαπῶμεν" (agapōmen), derived from "agape," which signifies a selfless, sacrificial love. This love is not merely an emotion but an action and commitment. The conditional "if" suggests that loving one another is a choice and a commandment (John 13:34). In the early Christian community, this love was a defining characteristic, setting believers apart in a world often marked by division and strife.

God remains in us
The word "remains" is translated from the Greek "μένει" (menei), meaning to abide or dwell. This indicates a continuous, enduring presence of God within believers. Theologically, this speaks to the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, who empowers and guides Christians (John 14:17). Historically, this concept would have been revolutionary, as it suggests a personal and intimate relationship with God, contrasting with the distant deity of many ancient religions.

and His love is perfected in us
The term "perfected" comes from the Greek "τετελειωμένη" (teteleiōmenē), which means to bring to completion or maturity. This does not imply flawlessness but rather a process of growth and fulfillment. God's love reaches its intended purpose when believers love one another, reflecting His character to the world. This perfection is not achieved by human effort alone but through the transformative work of the Holy Spirit. In the context of the early church, this would have been a powerful testimony to the unity and divine nature of the Christian community.

By this
This phrase serves as a pivotal introduction, indicating a method or evidence by which believers can ascertain a spiritual truth. In the context of 1 John, "by this" often refers to the tangible evidence of God's work in a believer's life. Historically, the early church faced many challenges, including false teachings, and this phrase reassures believers of the authenticity of their faith through observable signs.

we know
The Greek word for "know" here is "γινώσκομεν" (ginōskomen), which implies a deep, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual assent. This knowledge is relational and intimate, reflecting the personal relationship believers have with God. In the conservative Christian perspective, this knowledge is not just theoretical but is lived out in daily life, evidenced by the presence of the Holy Spirit.

that we live in Him
The phrase "live in Him" suggests a continuous, abiding relationship with God. The Greek word "μένω" (menō) is often translated as "abide" or "remain," emphasizing a steadfast, enduring connection. This concept is central to Johannine theology, where the believer's life is characterized by a constant, dynamic union with Christ, reflecting the historical context of a community striving to remain faithful amidst external pressures.

and He in us
This reciprocal indwelling highlights the mutual relationship between God and the believer. It is not only that believers live in God, but God also resides within them. This mutual indwelling is a profound mystery, reflecting the intimate fellowship that God desires with His people. Theologically, it underscores the transformative power of God's presence in the believer's life, enabling them to live out their faith authentically.

He has given us
The verb "has given" (Greek: "δέδωκεν," dedōken) indicates a completed action with ongoing effects. This gift is not earned but is a gracious provision from God. In the conservative Christian view, this underscores the doctrine of grace, where God initiates and sustains the believer's relationship with Him through His Spirit.

of His Spirit
The Holy Spirit is the divine agent of this indwelling presence. The Spirit's role is multifaceted, including guiding, teaching, and empowering believers. In the historical context of the early church, the presence of the Holy Spirit was a distinguishing mark of true believers, setting them apart from false teachers and counterfeit faiths. Theologically, the Spirit's indwelling is a guarantee of the believer's salvation and a foretaste of eternal life with God.

And we have seen
The phrase "we have seen" is derived from the Greek word "ἑωράκαμεν" (heōrakamen), which implies a deep, personal, and experiential knowledge. In the context of 1 John, this is not merely a physical seeing but a spiritual insight and understanding. The apostle John, as an eyewitness of Jesus Christ, emphasizes the authenticity and reliability of his testimony. This seeing is akin to the intimate knowledge that comes from a close relationship, underscoring the importance of personal experience in the Christian faith.

and testify
The Greek word for "testify" is "μαρτυροῦμεν" (martyroumen), which means to bear witness or to give evidence. In the early Christian context, testimony was crucial for the spread of the Gospel. The apostles' testimony was foundational for the early church, serving as a bridge between the historical Jesus and the faith of subsequent generations. This act of testifying is not passive but an active declaration of truth, often in the face of opposition, reflecting the courage and conviction of the early Christians.

that the Father
The term "the Father" refers to God the Father, emphasizing the relational aspect of the Trinity. In the Jewish tradition, God as Father was a familiar concept, but in the New Testament, this relationship is deepened through the revelation of Jesus Christ. The Fatherhood of God speaks to His authority, love, and the intimate relationship He desires with His creation. This phrase highlights the divine initiative in the plan of salvation, underscoring that it is God the Father who orchestrates the sending of the Son.

has sent
The Greek word "ἀπέσταλκεν" (apestalken) is used here, indicating a mission or commissioning. This sending is purposeful and intentional, reflecting the divine plan of redemption. The concept of sending is central to the Gospel narrative, as it underscores the pre-existence of Christ and His voluntary submission to the Father's will. This act of sending is a demonstration of God's love and commitment to redeem humanity.

His Son
"His Son" refers to Jesus Christ, emphasizing His unique and divine sonship. In the context of 1 John, this title affirms the deity of Christ and His eternal relationship with the Father. The Sonship of Jesus is a cornerstone of Christian doctrine, affirming both His divinity and His role in the Trinity. This phrase also highlights the sacrificial nature of Christ's mission, as the beloved Son is sent into the world to accomplish salvation.

to be the Savior
The term "Savior" comes from the Greek "σωτῆρα" (sōtēra), meaning one who delivers or rescues. In the biblical context, a savior is one who brings salvation, often in a context of deliverance from danger or oppression. Jesus as the Savior is central to the Christian message, as He delivers humanity from sin and its consequences. This title encapsulates the purpose of Christ's mission and the hope offered to all who believe.

of the world
The phrase "of the world" indicates the universal scope of Christ's saving work. The Greek word "κόσμου" (kosmou) refers to the world in its entirety, encompassing all of humanity. This underscores the inclusivity of the Gospel message, affirming that salvation through Jesus Christ is available to every person, regardless of race, nationality, or status. It reflects the heart of God for all people and the global mission of the church to proclaim this good news to the ends of the earth.

If anyone confesses
The Greek word for "confesses" is "ὁμολογέω" (homologeō), which means to agree, acknowledge, or declare openly. In the early Christian context, confession was not merely a verbal acknowledgment but a profound declaration of faith that often came with significant personal risk. This confession is a public affirmation of belief in Jesus Christ, aligning oneself with the truth of the Gospel. Historically, this confession was a distinguishing mark of the early Christian community, setting believers apart from both Jewish and pagan contemporaries.

that Jesus is the Son of God
The phrase "Jesus is the Son of God" is central to Christian doctrine, affirming both the divinity and the unique relationship of Jesus with the Father. The title "Son of God" signifies Jesus' divine nature and His role in the Trinity. In the historical context of the early church, this confession was a bold statement against prevailing Jewish and Greco-Roman beliefs. It affirmed the incarnation, that God became flesh in the person of Jesus Christ, a cornerstone of Christian faith that was revolutionary and transformative for believers.

God abides in him
The word "abides" comes from the Greek "μένω" (menō), meaning to remain, dwell, or continue. This term conveys a sense of permanence and intimacy in the relationship between God and the believer. Theologically, this abiding presence of God signifies the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, a promise of continual fellowship and guidance. Historically, this assurance of God's presence provided comfort and strength to early Christians facing persecution and trials, reinforcing their identity as God's children.

and he in God
This phrase emphasizes the mutual indwelling between the believer and God, highlighting the profound union that occurs through faith in Christ. The reciprocal nature of this relationship is a testament to the transformative power of the Gospel, where believers are not only recipients of God's presence but are also invited into a deeper communion with Him. Scripturally, this reflects the covenant relationship God establishes with His people, a theme woven throughout the Bible, from the Old Testament covenants to the New Testament fulfillment in Christ.

And so we know
The phrase "And so we know" emphasizes the certainty and assurance that believers have in their relationship with God. The Greek word for "know" here is "γινώσκομεν" (ginōskomen), which implies an experiential knowledge, not just intellectual understanding. This knowledge is rooted in a personal relationship with God, cultivated through faith and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. Historically, this reflects the early Christian community's confidence in their faith despite external challenges and persecutions.

and rely on
The word "rely" is translated from the Greek "πιστεύομεν" (pisteuomen), which is often rendered as "believe" or "trust." This indicates a deep-seated trust and dependence on God's love. In a conservative Christian perspective, this reliance is not passive but an active, daily commitment to live in accordance with God's will, trusting in His promises and faithfulness.

the love God has for us
This phrase underscores the central theme of God's love, which is foundational to Christian theology. The Greek word for love here is "ἀγάπη" (agapē), denoting a selfless, sacrificial love that seeks the best for others. This love is not just an attribute of God but is His very nature. Historically, this understanding of divine love was revolutionary, contrasting with the capricious and often self-serving deities of the Greco-Roman world.

God is love
This profound statement encapsulates the essence of God's character. The Greek construction "ὁ Θεὸς ἀγάπη ἐστίν" (ho Theos agapē estin) is emphatic, declaring that love is not merely an action God performs but is intrinsic to His being. This truth is central to the Christian faith, affirming that all of God's actions are motivated by love. It challenges believers to reflect this divine love in their own lives.

whoever abides in love
The term "abides" comes from the Greek "μένει" (menei), meaning to remain, dwell, or continue. It suggests a continuous, enduring relationship with God, characterized by living in His love. This abiding is not a transient experience but a permanent state of being for the believer. In the historical context, this was a call for the early Christians to remain steadfast in their faith amidst trials.

abides in God
To "abide in God" means to live in constant fellowship with Him, drawing strength and guidance from His presence. This relationship is reciprocal, as God also abides in the believer. Theologically, this speaks to the intimate union between God and His people, made possible through Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit.

and God in him
This phrase highlights the mutual indwelling of God and the believer. It is a profound mystery that God chooses to make His home within us. This indwelling is a source of comfort and empowerment, enabling believers to live out their faith authentically. Historically, this concept was a source of hope and encouragement for the early church, affirming that they were never alone in their spiritual journey.

In this way
This phrase introduces the method or manner by which love is perfected. The Greek word used here, "houtōs," indicates a specific manner or process. It suggests that the perfection of love is not arbitrary but follows a divine pattern established by God. This sets the stage for understanding that the love being discussed is not merely human affection but a divine love that transforms believers.

love has been perfected
The Greek word for "perfected" is "teleioō," which means to bring to completion or maturity. This indicates that love, in the Christian context, is not static but dynamic, growing towards a state of maturity. The perfecting of love among believers is a process that reflects the sanctifying work of the Holy Spirit, aligning with the biblical theme of spiritual growth and maturity.

among us
This phrase emphasizes the communal aspect of Christian love. The Greek "en hēmin" suggests that this perfected love is not an individual achievement but a collective experience within the body of Christ. It highlights the importance of fellowship and community in the Christian faith, where love is both shared and nurtured.

so that we may have confidence
The word "confidence" comes from the Greek "parrēsia," which means boldness or assurance. This confidence is not self-derived but is a result of the perfected love that believers experience. It speaks to the assurance of salvation and the boldness to stand before God, knowing that His love has transformed and secured them.

on the day of judgment
This phrase refers to the eschatological event when all will stand before God. The "day of judgment" is a recurring theme in Scripture, emphasizing accountability and divine justice. For believers, this day is not one of fear but of confidence, as they are assured of their standing in Christ through perfected love.

for in this world
The Greek "en tō kosmō toutō" situates the believer's experience of love within the present reality. It acknowledges the challenges and trials of living in a fallen world but also affirms that the transformative power of God's love is active and present in the here and now.

we are just like Him
This profound statement reflects the believer's identity in Christ. The Greek "kathōs ekeinos estin" suggests a likeness or conformity to Christ. It speaks to the transformative work of sanctification, where believers are being made into the image of Christ. This likeness is not only a future hope but a present reality, as believers live out the love of Christ in the world.

There is no fear in love
The phrase begins with a profound declaration that love, in its truest form, is devoid of fear. The Greek word for "fear" here is "phobos," which can denote terror or dread. In the context of a relationship with God, this fear is not the reverential awe that believers are encouraged to have, but rather a fear of judgment or punishment. Historically, the early Christians faced persecution, and this assurance would have been a source of comfort. The love referred to is "agape," a selfless, sacrificial love that mirrors God's love for humanity. This love is complete and unconditional, leaving no room for fear.

but perfect love drives out fear
The term "perfect" is translated from the Greek "teleios," meaning complete or mature. This suggests a love that has reached its full potential, a love that is fully developed and mature. Such love "drives out" or "casts out" fear, using the Greek word "ballo," which implies a forceful expulsion. This imagery is powerful, suggesting that mature love actively removes fear from the believer's life. In a historical context, this would have been a radical concept, as many religious systems of the time were based on fear and appeasement of deities.

because fear involves punishment
Here, "punishment" is translated from the Greek "kolasis," which refers to correction or penalty. The apostle John is emphasizing that fear is tied to the anticipation of punishment. In a scriptural context, this punishment is the judgment that comes from sin. However, for those who are in Christ, this punishment has been borne by Jesus on the cross. Thus, the believer's relationship with God is not one of fear of retribution, but of love and grace. This would have been a transformative message for early Christians who were transitioning from a legalistic understanding of God to one of grace.

The one who fears has not been perfected in love
This concluding phrase serves as both a challenge and an encouragement. The Greek word for "perfected" is again "teleioo," indicating a process of maturation. The presence of fear is an indication that one's love has not yet reached its full maturity. This is not a condemnation but an invitation to grow deeper in understanding and experiencing God's love. Historically, this would have encouraged believers to pursue a deeper relationship with God, moving beyond a fear-based faith to one rooted in love. The apostle John is calling believers to a higher standard of love, one that reflects the perfect love of God and transforms their lives.

We love
The phrase "We love" is a profound declaration of the Christian's response to God's initiative. The Greek word for love here is "ἀγαπῶμεν" (agapōmen), derived from "ἀγάπη" (agapē), which signifies a selfless, sacrificial, unconditional love. This is not merely an emotional affection but a deliberate act of the will, reflecting the love that God has shown us. In the historical context of the early church, this love was a radical departure from the self-centered love prevalent in Greco-Roman society. Christians are called to love others as a reflection of the divine love they have received, demonstrating the transformative power of the Gospel.

because He first loved us
The phrase "because He first loved us" underscores the foundational truth of the Christian faith: God's love is the origin and cause of our ability to love. The Greek word "πρῶτος" (prōtos) means "first" in terms of priority and time, indicating that God's love precedes and enables our love. This reflects the biblical narrative of God's initiative in creation and redemption. Historically, this was a revolutionary concept in a world where gods were often seen as distant and capricious. The Apostle John emphasizes that God's love is proactive and unmerited, as seen in the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ. This divine love is the catalyst for the believer's love, inspiring a life of service, compassion, and obedience. Theologically, this highlights the doctrine of prevenient grace, where God's grace precedes human action, drawing us into a loving relationship with Him.

If anyone says, 'I love God,'
The phrase begins with a conditional statement, "If anyone says," which introduces a hypothetical scenario that challenges the authenticity of one's claim. The Greek word for "says" is "λέγῃ" (legei), which implies a verbal profession or declaration. This sets the stage for examining the sincerity of one's love for God. The phrase "I love God" is central to Christian confession, rooted in the greatest commandment (Matthew 22:37). The love for God is not merely an emotional or verbal expression but a profound commitment that should manifest in actions.

but hates his brother
The word "hates" comes from the Greek "μισῶν" (misōn), which denotes a strong aversion or hostility. In the biblical context, "brother" refers not only to biological siblings but to fellow believers and, by extension, all humanity. This phrase highlights a stark contrast between professing love for God and harboring animosity towards others. The historical context of early Christian communities, often marked by internal conflicts, underscores the importance of love and unity as a testimony of faith.

he is a liar
The term "liar" is translated from the Greek "ψεύστης" (pseustēs), indicating someone who is deceitful or false. This strong language reflects the gravity of the inconsistency between one's words and actions. In the scriptural context, truth and love are inseparable; thus, claiming to love God while hating others is a fundamental contradiction. The apostle John emphasizes integrity and authenticity in the Christian life, where love for God must be evidenced by love for others.

For anyone who does not love his brother
This phrase reiterates the necessity of love for one's brother as a tangible expression of faith. The Greek word for "love" here is "ἀγαπᾷ" (agapaō), which refers to selfless, sacrificial love. This type of love is a hallmark of Christian discipleship, reflecting the love of Christ. The historical context of the early church, which faced persecution and division, called for a radical demonstration of love that transcended personal grievances and societal barriers.

whom he has seen
The phrase "whom he has seen" emphasizes the tangible and immediate presence of others in our lives. The Greek word "ἑωρακεν" (heōraken) implies a direct, experiential knowledge. This contrasts with the unseen nature of God, highlighting the practical aspect of love. In a world where physical presence often dictates relational dynamics, the call to love those we see daily serves as a foundational test of genuine faith.

cannot love God, whom he has not seen
The concluding phrase presents a logical and spiritual challenge. The word "cannot" (Greek "δύναται," dynatai) indicates an impossibility or incapacity. The unseen nature of God (Greek "οὐχ ἑώρακεν," ouch heōraken) requires faith, yet this faith is authenticated by our love for others. The historical and theological context underscores that love for God is not abstract but is demonstrated through concrete actions towards others. This teaching aligns with the broader biblical narrative that true love for God is inseparable from love for neighbor, as seen in Jesus' teachings and the apostolic writings.

And we have this commandment from Him
The phrase begins with "And," indicating a continuation of thought from the previous verses, emphasizing the interconnectedness of love for God and love for others. The word "commandment" (Greek: ἐντολή, entolē) signifies a directive or order, not merely a suggestion. This commandment is "from Him," referring to God, underscoring divine authority. Historically, commandments were central to Jewish life, rooted in the Torah, and here, John reiterates the continuity of God's moral expectations in the New Covenant. This commandment is not new but echoes Jesus' teachings, particularly in John 13:34, where love is the hallmark of discipleship.

Whoever loves God
The phrase "Whoever loves God" sets a condition that is both inclusive and exclusive. The Greek word for love here is ἀγαπάω (agapaō), denoting a selfless, sacrificial love that seeks the best for others. This love is not merely emotional but is an act of will and commitment. In the historical context, love for God was the greatest commandment (Deuteronomy 6:5), and it was understood as the foundation of the Jewish faith. In the Christian context, this love is deepened through the revelation of Jesus Christ, who exemplifies perfect love.

must love his brother as well
The word "must" (Greek: δεῖ, dei) indicates necessity and obligation, not optional behavior. This reflects the inseparable link between love for God and love for others. "His brother" (Greek: ἀδελφός, adelphos) is often interpreted broadly to mean fellow believers, but it can also extend to all humanity, reflecting the universal scope of Christian love. The phrase "as well" emphasizes that love for others is not secondary but equally essential. Historically, the early Christian communities were known for their radical love and care for one another, which was a powerful testimony to the surrounding world. This love is a reflection of God's love, as seen in the life and teachings of Jesus, who taught that love for others is the true evidence of discipleship (John 13:35).