Isaiah 40:13
New International Version
Who can fathom the Spirit of the LORD, or instruct the LORD as his counselor?

New Living Translation
Who is able to advise the Spirit of the LORD? Who knows enough to give him advice or teach him?

English Standard Version
Who has measured the Spirit of the LORD, or what man shows him his counsel?

Berean Standard Bible
Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD, or informed Him as His counselor?

King James Bible
Who hath directed the Spirit of the LORD, or being his counseller hath taught him?

New King James Version
Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD, Or as His counselor has taught Him?

New American Standard Bible
Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD, Or as His counselor has informed Him?

NASB 1995
Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD, Or as His counselor has informed Him?

NASB 1977
Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD, Or as His counselor has informed Him?

Legacy Standard Bible
Who has encompassed the Spirit of Yahweh, Or as His counselor has informed Him?

Amplified Bible
Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD, Or has taught Him as His counselor?

Christian Standard Bible
Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD, or who gave him counsel?

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD, or who gave Him His counsel?

American Standard Version
Who hath directed the Spirit of Jehovah, or being his counsellor hath taught him?

Contemporary English Version
Has anyone told the LORD what he must do or given him advice?

English Revised Version
Who hath directed the spirit of the LORD, or being his counsellor hath taught him?

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD or instructed him as his adviser?

Good News Translation
Can anyone tell the LORD what to do? Who can teach him or give him advice?

International Standard Version
Who has fathomed the Spirit of the LORD, or as his counselor has taught him?

Majority Standard Bible
Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD, or informed Him as His counselor?

NET Bible
Who comprehends the mind of the LORD, or gives him instruction as his counselor?

New Heart English Bible
Who has known the mind of the LORD, or who has instructed him as his counselor?

Webster's Bible Translation
Who hath directed the Spirit of the LORD, or being his counselor hath taught him?

World English Bible
Who has directed Yahweh’s Spirit, or has taught him as his counselor?
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Who has meted out the Spirit of YHWH, "" And [being] His counselor, teaches Him?

Young's Literal Translation
Who hath meted out the Spirit of Jehovah, And, being His counsellor, doth teach Him!

Smith's Literal Translation
Who measured the spirit of Jehovah? and will a man of his counsel make him to know?
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Who hath forwarded the spirit of the Lord? or who hath been his counsellor, and hath taught him?

Catholic Public Domain Version
Who has assisted the Spirit of the Lord? Or who has been his counselor and has revealed things to him?

New American Bible
Who has directed the spirit of the LORD, or instructed him as his counselor?

New Revised Standard Version
Who has directed the spirit of the LORD, or as his counselor has instructed him?
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD or who has been to him a counsellor?

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Who has directed the Spirit of LORD JEHOVAH or who was Lord of Counsel to him?
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Who hath meted out the spirit of the LORD? Or who was His counsellor that he might instruct Him?

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Who has known the mind of the Lord? and who has been his counsellor, to instruct him?

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Here is Your God!
12Who has measured the waters in the hollow of his hand, or marked off the heavens with the span of his hand? Who has held the dust of the earth in a basket, or weighed the mountains on a scale and the hills with a balance? 13Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD, or informed Him as His counselor? 14Whom did He consult to enlighten Him, and who taught Him the paths of justice? Who imparted knowledge to Him and showed Him the way of understanding?…

Cross References
Romans 11:34
“Who has known the mind of the Lord? Or who has been His counselor?”

1 Corinthians 2:16
“For who has known the mind of the Lord, so as to instruct Him?” But we have the mind of Christ.

Job 15:8
Do you listen in on the council of God or limit wisdom to yourself?

Job 21:22
Can anyone teach knowledge to God, since He judges those on high?

Job 36:22-23
Behold, God is exalted in His power. Who is a teacher like Him? / Who has appointed His way for Him, or told Him, ‘You have done wrong’?

Job 38:4-5
Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth? Tell Me, if you have understanding. / Who fixed its measurements? Surely you know! Or who stretched a measuring line across it?

Jeremiah 23:18
But which of them has stood in the council of the LORD to see and hear His word? Who has given heed to His word and obeyed it?

Jeremiah 23:22
But if they had stood in My council, they would have proclaimed My words to My people and turned them back from their evil ways and deeds.”

Proverbs 8:22-31
The LORD created me as His first course, before His works of old. / From everlasting I was established, from the beginning, before the earth began. / When there were no watery depths, I was brought forth, when no springs were overflowing with water. ...

Proverbs 16:1
The plans of the heart belong to man, but the reply of the tongue is from the LORD.

Proverbs 21:30
There is no wisdom, no understanding, no counsel that can prevail against the LORD.

Daniel 2:20-22
and declared: “Blessed be the name of God forever and ever, for wisdom and power belong to Him. / He changes the times and seasons; He removes kings and establishes them. He gives wisdom to the wise and knowledge to the discerning. / He reveals the deep and hidden things; He knows what lies in darkness, and light dwells with Him.

Daniel 4:35
All the peoples of the earth are counted as nothing, and He does as He pleases with the army of heaven and the peoples of the earth. There is no one who can restrain His hand or say to Him, ‘What have You done?’”

Psalm 92:5
How great are Your works, O LORD, how deep are Your thoughts!

Psalm 104:24
How many are Your works, O LORD! In wisdom You have made them all; the earth is full of Your creatures.


Treasury of Scripture

Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD, or being his counselor has taught him?

hat directed

Job 21:22
Shall any teach God knowledge? seeing he judgeth those that are high.

Job 36:22,23
Behold, God exalteth by his power: who teacheth like him? …

Luke 10:22
All things are delivered to me of my Father: and no man knoweth who the Son is, but the Father; and who the Father is, but the Son, and he to whom the Son will reveal him.

his counsellor.

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Counsellor Counselor Directed Guided Informed Instruct Instructed Meted Mind Spirit Taught Teach Teacher Understood
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Counsellor Counselor Directed Guided Informed Instruct Instructed Meted Mind Spirit Taught Teach Teacher Understood
Isaiah 40
1. The promulgation of the Gospel
3. The preaching of John Baptist foretold
9. The preaching of the apostles foretold
12. The prophet, by the omnipotence of God
18. And his incomparableness
26. Comforts the people.














Who has directed
The phrase "Who has directed" invites us to consider the sovereignty and omniscience of God. The Hebrew word for "directed" is "takan," which means to measure, regulate, or arrange. This word emphasizes the idea that no one has the capacity to measure or arrange the Spirit of the LORD. In the context of ancient Israel, this would have been a powerful reminder of God's ultimate authority and wisdom, contrasting human limitations with divine perfection.

the Spirit of the LORD
"The Spirit of the LORD" refers to the divine presence and power of God. In Hebrew, "ruach" is the word for "Spirit," which can also mean breath or wind, symbolizing life and power. The Spirit of the LORD is a central theme throughout the Bible, representing God's active presence in the world. In the Old Testament, the Spirit is often associated with creation, prophecy, and empowerment for service. This phrase underscores the idea that God's Spirit operates beyond human understanding or control.

or who has given Him counsel?
The rhetorical question "or who has given Him counsel?" challenges the notion that anyone could advise or instruct God. The Hebrew word for "counsel" is "etsah," which means advice or purpose. This highlights the futility of human wisdom compared to God's infinite understanding. Historically, this would have been a direct challenge to the surrounding nations' gods, who were often depicted as needing guidance or assistance. In a broader scriptural context, this phrase reinforces the theme of God's self-sufficiency and the inadequacy of human attempts to comprehend His ways fully.

(13) Who hath directed the Spirit of the Lord?--The term, which had been used in a lower sense in Isaiah 40:7, is here clothed as with a Divine personality, answering, as it were, to the wisdom of Proverbs 8:22-30, with which the whole passage has a striking resemblance. Eastern cosmogonies might represent Bel or Ormuzd, as calling inferior deities into counsel (Cheyne). The prophet finds no other counsellor than One who is essentially one with the Eternal.

Verse 13. - Who hath directed the Spirit of the Lord? Mr. Cheyne remarks, that "in Isaiah there is a marked tendency to hypostatize the Spirit;" and the remark is undoubtedly a just one (see Isaiah 32:15; Isaiah 34:16; Isaiah 48:16; Isaiah 61:1, etc.). In the present place, perhaps, the introduction of "the Spirit of the Lord" arises out of the remembrance of the part in creation which is assigned to the Spirit in Genesis 1:2. He "moved," or "brooded," upon the face of the waters, and thence began the change, or series of changes, by which order was produced out of confusion. The Spirit of the Lord "directed," or regulated, these changes; but who, Isaiah asks, "directed," or regulated, the Spirit itself? Can it be supposed that he too had a director over him? Isaiah does not seriously doubt on this point, or "leave it an open question." He makes his inquiry by way of a reductio ad absurdum. Is it not absurd to suppose that he had a director or a counsellor? He does not - here, at any rate - so far "hypostatize the Spirit" as to view him as a Person distinct from the Person of God the Father, working under him, and carrying out his will. Or being his counsellor hath taught him? "The Lord by wisdom founded the earth" (Proverbs 3:19); but he was his own counsellor. He had no adviser external to himself. The wisdom which wrought with him was his own wisdom, an essential part of the Divine essence. The evangelical prophet approaches those mysteries of God's nature which the gospel brought to light, but cannot penetrate them.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Who
מִֽי־ (mî-)
Interrogative
Strong's 4310: Who?, whoever, in oblique construction with prefix, suffix

has directed
תִכֵּ֥ן (ṯik·kên)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 8505: To balance, measure out, arrange, equalize, levelling

the Spirit
ר֖וּחַ (rū·aḥ)
Noun - common singular construct
Strong's 7307: Wind, breath, exhalation, life, anger, unsubstantiality, a region of the sky, spirit

of the LORD,
יְהוָ֑ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

or who has given Him
יוֹדִיעֶֽנּוּ׃ (yō·w·ḏî·‘en·nū)
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular
Strong's 3045: To know

counsel?
עֲצָת֖וֹ (‘ă·ṣā·ṯōw)
Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 6098: Advice, plan, prudence


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OT Prophets: Isaiah 40:13 Who has directed the Spirit of Yahweh (Isa Isi Is)
Isaiah 40:12
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