Psalm 79:10
Why should the nations ask, "Where is their God?" Before our eyes, make known among the nations Your vengeance for the bloodshed of Your servants.
Why should the nations say
This phrase begins with a rhetorical question that reflects a deep concern for God's reputation among the nations. The Hebrew word for "nations" is "goyim," which often refers to Gentile peoples or those outside the covenant community of Israel. Historically, Israel was surrounded by such nations, often hostile, and their perception of Israel's God was crucial. The psalmist is concerned that the nations might question God's power or faithfulness due to Israel's current plight. This reflects a broader biblical theme where God's actions are often intended to demonstrate His sovereignty and holiness to all peoples.

Where is their God?
This phrase captures the taunt or challenge from the surrounding nations. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the power and presence of a deity were often judged by the success and prosperity of its people. The Hebrew word for "God" here is "Elohim," a term that emphasizes God's might and authority. The psalmist is troubled by the implication that God is absent or powerless, which would be a grave misunderstanding of His nature. This concern for God's honor is a recurring theme in the Psalms, where the psalmist often pleads for God to act for the sake of His name.

Before our eyes
This phrase indicates a desire for a visible, undeniable demonstration of God's intervention. The Hebrew word "ayin" for "eyes" suggests not just physical sight but also perception and understanding. The psalmist longs for a manifestation of God's justice and power that would be evident to all, leaving no room for doubt about His presence and involvement in the world. This reflects a biblical pattern where God acts in history in ways that are meant to be seen and recognized by His people and the nations.

make known among the nations
Here, the psalmist calls for God to reveal His power and justice to the nations. The Hebrew root "yada" for "make known" implies a deep, experiential knowledge. The psalmist desires that God's actions would lead to a recognition of His sovereignty and righteousness among all peoples. This aligns with the biblical mission for Israel to be a light to the nations, demonstrating the reality and supremacy of the one true God.

the avenging of the outpoured blood of Your servants
This phrase speaks to a plea for divine justice. The Hebrew word for "avenging" is "naqam," which conveys the idea of retribution or justice. The "outpoured blood" refers to the suffering and martyrdom of God's faithful ones, His "servants." In the biblical context, God is often portrayed as a just judge who will vindicate His people and punish wrongdoing. This plea is not just for personal vengeance but for the upholding of divine justice and the restoration of God's honor. The psalmist's cry reflects a deep trust in God's righteous character and His ultimate plan to set things right.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Nations
Refers to the Gentile nations surrounding Israel, often seen as adversaries or oppressors of God's people.

2. God
The central figure in the Psalm, whose presence and justice are called into question by the nations.

3. Servants
The faithful followers of God, likely referring to the Israelites who have suffered or been martyred.

4. Bloodshed
The violence and persecution experienced by God's people, prompting a plea for divine justice.

5. Vengeance
The divine retribution or justice that the Psalmist is asking God to display against the oppressors.
Teaching Points
God's Justice is Certain
The Psalmist's plea for vengeance reminds us that God's justice, though sometimes delayed, is inevitable. Believers can trust that God will ultimately right all wrongs.

The Importance of God's Reputation
The concern for God's name among the nations highlights the importance of living in a way that honors God and reflects His character to the world.

Prayer as a Response to Injustice
The Psalmist models turning to God in prayer when faced with injustice, encouraging believers to seek divine intervention rather than taking matters into their own hands.

God's Presence Amidst Suffering
Even when the nations question God's presence, believers are reminded that God is always with His people, working behind the scenes for their good.

The Role of Faith in Trials
The call for God to act is rooted in faith that He hears and responds to the cries of His people, encouraging believers to maintain faith during difficult times.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the plea for God's vengeance in Psalm 79:10 challenge or affirm your understanding of God's justice?

2. In what ways can believers today demonstrate God's presence to a world that often asks, "Where is their God?"

3. How do the connections between Psalm 79:10 and other scriptures like Revelation 6:10 deepen your understanding of God's response to the suffering of His people?

4. What practical steps can you take to ensure that your life reflects God's character and upholds His reputation among those who do not know Him?

5. How can you incorporate the model of prayer seen in Psalm 79:10 into your own life when facing personal or communal injustices?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Deuteronomy 32:43
This verse speaks of God avenging the blood of His servants, similar to the plea in Psalm 79:10.

Revelation 6:10
The souls of the martyrs cry out for God to avenge their blood, echoing the sentiment of Psalm 79:10.

2 Kings 19:16
Hezekiah's prayer for God to hear the taunts of the nations and respond, paralleling the call for God to act in Psalm 79:10.

Isaiah 37:20
A prayer for God to demonstrate His power to the nations, similar to the request in Psalm 79:10 for God to make His presence known.
A Bad Spirit and a Theological ErrorHomilistPsalm 79:10
The Heathen TauntS. Conway Psalm 79:10
An Imprecatory PsalmS. Conway Psalm 79:1-13
Good Men God's InheritanceHomilistPsalm 79:1-13
Prayer for Deliverance from SufferingC. Short Psalm 79:1-13
The Inhumanity of Man and the Mixture of Good and EvilHomilistPsalm 79:1-13
People
Asaph, Jacob, Psalmist
Places
Jerusalem
Topics
Avenge, Avenging, Blood, Heathen, Nations, Openly, Outpoured, Payment, Poured, Revenging, Servants, Shed, Sight, Vengeance, Wherefore
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Psalm 79:10

     5493   retribution
     7310   avenger of blood
     8401   challenges

Library
The Attack on the Scriptures
[Illustration: (drop cap B) A Greek Warrior] But troubled times came again to Jerusalem. The great empires of Babylon and Assyria had passed away for ever, exactly as the prophets of Israel had foretold; but new powers had arisen in the world, and the great nations fought together so constantly that all the smaller countries, and with them the Kingdom of Judah, changed hands very often. At last Alexander the Great managed to make himself master of all the countries of the then-known world. Alexander
Mildred Duff—The Bible in its Making

How they are to be Admonished who Lament Sins of Deed, and those who Lament Only Sins of Thought.
(Admonition 30.) Differently to be admonished are those who deplore sins of deed, and those who deplore sins of thought. For those who deplore sins of deed are to be admonished that perfected lamentations should wash out consummated evils, lest they be bound by a greater debt of perpetrated deed than they pay in tears of satisfaction for it. For it is written, He hath given us drink in tears by measure (Ps. lxxix. 6): which means that each person's soul should in its penitence drink the tears
Leo the Great—Writings of Leo the Great

Period ii. The Church from the Permanent Division of the Empire Until the Collapse of the Western Empire and the First Schism Between the East and the West, or Until About A. D. 500
In the second period of the history of the Church under the Christian Empire, the Church, although existing in two divisions of the Empire and experiencing very different political fortunes, may still be regarded as forming a whole. The theological controversies distracting the Church, although different in the two halves of the Graeco-Roman world, were felt to some extent in both divisions of the Empire and not merely in the one in which they were principally fought out; and in the condemnation
Joseph Cullen Ayer Jr., Ph.D.—A Source Book for Ancient Church History

The Formation of the Old Testament Canon
[Sidenote: Israel's literature at the beginning of the fourth century before Christ] Could we have studied the scriptures of the Israelitish race about 400 B.C., we should have classified them under four great divisions: (1) The prophetic writings, represented by the combined early Judean, Ephraimite, and late prophetic or Deuteronomic narratives, and their continuation in Samuel and Kings, together with the earlier and exilic prophecies; (2) the legal, represented by the majority of the Old Testament
Charles Foster Kent—The Origin & Permanent Value of the Old Testament

A Summary of the Christian Life. Of Self-Denial.
The divisions of the chapter are,--I. The rule which permits us not to go astray in the study of righteousness, requires two things, viz., that man, abandoning his own will, devote himself entirely to the service of God; whence it follows, that we must seek not our own things, but the things of God, sec. 1, 2. II. A description of this renovation or Christian life taken from the Epistle to Titus, and accurately explained under certain special heads, sec. 3 to end. 1. ALTHOUGH the Law of God contains
Archpriest John Iliytch Sergieff—On the Christian Life

Psalms
The piety of the Old Testament Church is reflected with more clearness and variety in the Psalter than in any other book of the Old Testament. It constitutes the response of the Church to the divine demands of prophecy, and, in a less degree, of law; or, rather, it expresses those emotions and aspirations of the universal heart which lie deeper than any formal demand. It is the speech of the soul face to face with God. Its words are as simple and unaffected as human words can be, for it is the genius
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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