Mark 10:17

As Jesus started on His way, a man ran up and knelt before Him. "Good Teacher," he asked, "what must I do to inherit eternal life?"

Study Bible

As Jesus started on His way
This phrase sets the scene for the encounter, indicating that Jesus was in motion, likely traveling with His disciples. The Greek word for "started" (ἐκπορεύομαι, ekporeuomai) suggests a purposeful departure, emphasizing Jesus' mission-oriented life. Historically, Jesus' journeys were opportunities for teaching and miracles, reflecting His commitment to spreading the Gospel. This context highlights the urgency and intentionality of His ministry.

a man ran up
The act of running signifies urgency and eagerness. In the cultural context of the time, it was unusual for a man of status to run, suggesting that this man was deeply motivated. The Greek word for "ran" (τρέχω, trechō) conveys a sense of haste and determination. This action indicates the man's earnest desire to seek Jesus, recognizing Him as a source of wisdom and authority.

and knelt before Him
Kneeling is a posture of reverence and submission, often associated with worship or respect. The Greek word used here (γονυπετέω, gonypeteō) implies a physical act of humility. In the historical and cultural context, kneeling before someone was a sign of acknowledging their higher status or authority. This gesture reflects the man's recognition of Jesus' spiritual authority and his own need for guidance.

'Good Teacher,'
The title "Good Teacher" is significant, as it acknowledges Jesus' moral and spiritual authority. The Greek word for "good" (ἀγαθός, agathos) implies intrinsic goodness and moral excellence. In Jewish tradition, such a title was rarely used lightly, indicating the man's respect and recognition of Jesus' unique role as a teacher of divine truth.

he asked
The act of asking demonstrates a desire for knowledge and understanding. The Greek word for "asked" (ἐπερωτάω, eperōtaō) suggests a formal inquiry, often used in contexts where the questioner seeks authoritative insight. This reflects the man's genuine quest for spiritual truth and his belief that Jesus could provide the answers he sought.

'what must I do
This phrase reveals the man's focus on action and personal responsibility. The Greek word for "do" (ποιέω, poieō) implies an action or deed, suggesting that the man is seeking a specific course of action to achieve his goal. This reflects a common human tendency to seek tangible steps for spiritual fulfillment, highlighting the tension between works and faith in the pursuit of salvation.

to inherit eternal life?'
The concept of "inheriting eternal life" is central to Christian theology. The Greek word for "inherit" (κληρονομέω, klēronomeō) implies receiving something as a rightful possession, often associated with familial inheritance. "Eternal life" (ζωὴν αἰώνιον, zōēn aiōnion) refers to the everlasting life promised to believers, a core tenet of Christian faith. This question underscores the man's awareness of the eternal implications of his spiritual journey and his desire for assurance of salvation. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of life after death and the hope for resurrection and eternal communion with God.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus
Central figure in the passage, known as the "Good Teacher." His response to the man's question is pivotal in understanding the nature of eternal life.

2. The Rich Young Man
The man who approaches Jesus, seeking guidance on inheriting eternal life. His wealth and status are implied in the subsequent verses.

3. The Road
The setting where this encounter takes place, symbolizing the journey of life and the spiritual path one must take.

Teaching Points

Understanding Eternal Life
Eternal life is not earned by human effort or wealth but is a gift from God. The young man's question reflects a common misunderstanding that eternal life can be achieved through works.

The Role of the Law
Jesus points to the commandments to reveal the young man's heart. The law serves as a mirror to show our need for a Savior.

The Cost of Discipleship
Following Jesus requires total commitment and may involve sacrificing earthly possessions or status. The young man's attachment to his wealth highlights the challenge of prioritizing God above all else.

The Nature of True Goodness
By questioning why the man calls Him "good," Jesus redirects the focus to God as the ultimate standard of goodness, challenging the man's understanding of moral perfection.

Seeking God with Humility
The young man's act of kneeling shows reverence, but true humility involves recognizing one's own spiritual poverty and need for God's grace.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does the rich young man's approach to Jesus reveal about his understanding of eternal life, and how does this reflect common misconceptions today?

2. How do the commandments Jesus mentions serve as a diagnostic tool for our spiritual condition?

3. In what ways might modern believers struggle with the same issues of wealth and attachment as the rich young man?

4. How does Jesus' response to the young man challenge our understanding of what it means to be "good"?

5. Reflect on a time when you had to make a difficult choice to follow Christ. How did this passage encourage or challenge you in that decision?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 19:16-22 and Luke 18:18-23
These parallel accounts provide additional context and details about the rich young man's encounter with Jesus.

Exodus 20:12-16 and Deuteronomy 5:16-20
These passages list the commandments that Jesus refers to in His response, emphasizing the moral law.

Philippians 3:7-8
Paul’s perspective on counting all things as loss for the sake of Christ, which contrasts with the rich young man's struggle with his possessions.