Judges 3:8

Then the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He sold them into the hand of Cushan-rishathaim king of Aram-naharaim, and the Israelites served him eight years.

Study Bible

Then the anger of the LORD burned
The phrase "anger of the LORD" in Hebrew is "אַף יְהוָה" (aph YHWH), which conveys a deep, righteous indignation. This is not a capricious anger but a holy response to Israel's disobedience. The imagery of "burned" suggests a consuming fire, emphasizing the intensity of God's displeasure. In the biblical narrative, God's anger is often a catalyst for corrective action, intended to bring His people back to righteousness.

against Israel
Israel, the chosen people of God, had entered into a covenant relationship with Him. Their repeated disobedience and idolatry provoked God's anger. Historically, Israel's identity was deeply tied to their covenant with God, and their failure to uphold it led to divine discipline. This phrase underscores the seriousness of their breach of faith and the consequences of turning away from God.

and He sold them
The Hebrew word "מָכַר" (makar) means to sell or hand over. This term is used metaphorically to describe God allowing Israel to fall under the control of their enemies. It signifies a relinquishing of divine protection as a result of their sin. This action is not abandonment but a form of discipline, intended to lead Israel to repentance and restoration.

into the hands of Cushan-rishathaim
Cushan-rishathaim, whose name means "Cushan of double wickedness," is a figure representing oppression and foreign domination. The mention of his name highlights the severity of Israel's subjugation. Historically, this reflects the period of the Judges, where Israel faced cycles of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance.

king of Aram-naharaim
Aram-naharaim, often identified with Mesopotamia, means "Aram of the two rivers," referring to the region between the Tigris and Euphrates. This geographical reference situates the narrative in a broader historical context, indicating the external threats Israel faced. It also serves as a reminder of the consequences of straying from God's protection.

to whom the Israelites were subject
The subjugation of Israel under a foreign king is a direct result of their disobedience. The Hebrew word "עָבַד" (avad) means to serve or be enslaved. This servitude is both physical and spiritual, illustrating the bondage that sin brings. It serves as a call to return to God, who alone can deliver and restore.

for eight years
The number eight in biblical numerology often signifies a new beginning or a period of renewal. The eight years of oppression can be seen as a time of testing and reflection for Israel. It is a reminder that God's discipline, though painful, is temporary and aimed at bringing about repentance and a renewed relationship with Him.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The LORD
The covenant God of Israel, whose anger is kindled against His people due to their disobedience and idolatry.

2. Israel
The chosen people of God, who have turned away from Him to serve other gods, leading to their oppression.

3. Cushan-rishathaim
A king of Aram-naharaim, whose name means "Cushan of double wickedness," indicating his oppressive nature.

4. Aram-naharaim
A region in Mesopotamia, often associated with the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, highlighting the geographical reach of Israel's oppressors.

5. Eight Years of Servitude
The period during which Israel was subjected to the rule of Cushan-rishathaim, symbolizing a complete cycle of oppression due to their sin.

Teaching Points

The Consequences of Disobedience
God's anger is a response to Israel's idolatry and disobedience. This serves as a reminder that turning away from God leads to spiritual and sometimes physical consequences.

The Sovereignty of God in Discipline
God "sold" Israel into the hands of their enemies, demonstrating His control even in their punishment. This teaches us that God uses circumstances to draw His people back to Himself.

The Cycle of Sin and Redemption
Israel's servitude under Cushan-rishathaim is part of a larger cycle seen throughout Judges. Recognizing this pattern can help us identify and break cycles of sin in our own lives.

The Importance of Repentance
The eventual deliverance of Israel begins with their cry to the Lord. This highlights the power of repentance and turning back to God in times of distress.

God's Faithfulness Despite Human Unfaithfulness
Even when Israel is unfaithful, God remains faithful to His covenant. This encourages us to trust in God's steadfast love and mercy.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does the name "Cushan-rishathaim" reveal about the nature of Israel's oppressor, and how does this reflect the consequences of their disobedience?

2. How does the cycle of sin and redemption in Judges 3:8 relate to the broader account of Israel's history, and what can we learn from it for our personal spiritual journey?

3. In what ways does God's sovereignty manifest in the discipline of His people, and how can this understanding impact our response to difficult circumstances?

4. How does the concept of repentance play a role in the account of Judges 3:8, and what practical steps can we take to incorporate genuine repentance into our lives?

5. Reflect on a time when you experienced God's faithfulness despite your own unfaithfulness. How can this encourage you to remain steadfast in your walk with Him?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 28
This chapter outlines the blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience, providing a backdrop for understanding why Israel faced oppression.

Judges 2:11-15
This passage describes the cycle of sin, servitude, supplication, and salvation that characterizes the period of the Judges, offering context for Israel's situation in Judges 3:8.

Psalm 106:40-42
These verses recount Israel's repeated rebellion and God's response, echoing the themes of divine anger and subsequent oppression.