John 10:12

The hired hand is not the shepherd, and the sheep are not his own. When he sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the wolf pounces on them and scatters the flock.

Study Bible

The hired hand
This phrase refers to someone who is employed to care for the sheep but lacks a personal investment in their well-being. In the Greek, the term "misthōtos" implies a laborer who works for wages rather than out of love or duty. Historically, shepherds were often family members who had a vested interest in the flock's safety and prosperity. The hired hand symbolizes religious leaders or false prophets who serve for personal gain rather than genuine care for the spiritual welfare of the people.

is not the shepherd
The distinction here is crucial. The Greek word for shepherd, "poimēn," denotes one who tends, leads, and protects the sheep. In biblical times, a shepherd was a figure of authority and care, often risking his life for the sheep. This phrase emphasizes the lack of true leadership and commitment in the hired hand, contrasting with Jesus, the Good Shepherd, who lays down His life for His sheep.

and the sheep are not his own
Ownership implies responsibility and a deep, personal connection. The Greek word "idios" means one's own, highlighting the intimate relationship between the shepherd and his flock. In a spiritual context, this reflects Jesus' claim over His followers, who are His by creation and redemption. The hired hand's lack of ownership results in a lack of genuine concern for the sheep's welfare.

When he sees the wolf coming
The wolf represents danger, evil, or false teachings that threaten the flock. In the ancient Near East, wolves were common predators of sheep, symbolizing destructive forces. The hired hand's reaction to the wolf reveals his true character and priorities. Spiritually, this warns believers of leaders who fail to protect the church from harmful influences.

he abandons the sheep and runs away
This action demonstrates the hired hand's self-preservation instinct. The Greek verb "kataleipō" means to leave behind or forsake, indicating a deliberate choice to prioritize personal safety over duty. Historically, a true shepherd would never abandon his flock, even in the face of danger. This serves as a caution against leaders who lack the courage and commitment to stand firm in times of trial.

Then the wolf pounces on them and scatters the flock
The consequence of the hired hand's abandonment is chaos and destruction. The Greek word "harpazō" for pounces implies a sudden, forceful snatching away, while "skorpizō" for scatters suggests a breaking apart of unity. This imagery underscores the vulnerability of the sheep without a protective shepherd. In a spiritual sense, it highlights the importance of steadfast, faithful leadership to maintain the integrity and unity of the church.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Hired Hand
Represents those who are not genuinely committed to the well-being of the flock. They are contrasted with the true shepherd, who cares deeply for the sheep.

2. The Shepherd
Symbolizes Jesus Christ, who is the true and good shepherd, committed to protecting and nurturing His flock.

3. The Sheep
Represents the followers of Christ, who rely on the shepherd for guidance, protection, and sustenance.

4. The Wolf
Symbolizes danger, evil, or false teachings that threaten the safety and unity of the flock.

5. The Flock
The collective body of believers who are under the care of the shepherd.

Teaching Points

Commitment of the True Shepherd
Jesus, as the Good Shepherd, is committed to His flock, unlike the hired hand who flees in times of danger. Believers can trust in His unwavering protection and care.

Vigilance Against False Teachings
Just as the wolf threatens the flock, believers must be vigilant against false teachings and influences that can lead them astray.

Role of Church Leaders
Church leaders are called to emulate the Good Shepherd, caring for their congregations with genuine love and commitment, not as hired hands.

Unity and Protection in the Flock
The flock is strongest when united under the guidance of the true shepherd. Believers should seek community and accountability within the body of Christ.

Personal Reflection on Commitment
Reflect on your own commitment to Christ and His teachings. Are you following Him as your shepherd, or are you easily swayed by the "hired hands" of the world?

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the role of the hired hand in John 10:12 contrast with that of the Good Shepherd, and what does this teach us about Jesus' character?

2. In what ways can believers today identify and protect themselves from the "wolves" that threaten their faith?

3. How can church leaders today ensure they are shepherding their congregations with the heart of the Good Shepherd rather than as hired hands?

4. Reflect on a time when you felt scattered or threatened in your faith. How did you experience the protection or guidance of the Good Shepherd during that time?

5. How can the imagery of the shepherd and the flock in John 10:12 inspire you to foster unity and support within your own faith community?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Psalm 23
This passage describes the Lord as a shepherd who provides, guides, and protects, reinforcing the image of God as the ultimate shepherd.

Ezekiel 34
God condemns the false shepherds of Israel and promises to be the true shepherd for His people, paralleling the role of Jesus as the Good Shepherd.

1 Peter 5:2-4
Encourages church leaders to shepherd the flock willingly and eagerly, not for personal gain, reflecting the heart of a true shepherd.

Matthew 7:15
Warns against false prophets who come in sheep's clothing but are inwardly ravenous wolves, similar to the threat posed by the wolf in John 10:12.