Acts 23:5

"Brothers," Paul replied, "I was not aware that he was the high priest, for it is written: 'Do not speak evil about the ruler of your people.'"

Study Bible

Brothers
The term "Brothers" (Greek: ἀδελφοί, adelphoi) is a common address used by Paul, reflecting the familial bond among believers. In the context of the Sanhedrin, it underscores Paul's connection to his Jewish heritage and his respect for the assembly, despite the tension. This term reminds us of the unity and shared faith among believers, transcending even the divisions of religious authority.

I was not aware
This phrase indicates Paul's genuine ignorance or possible sarcasm regarding the identity of the high priest. Historically, the high priest's role was central in Jewish religious life, yet the political turmoil of the time led to frequent changes in office, which might have contributed to Paul's lack of recognition. This highlights the importance of discernment and awareness in our interactions, especially in matters of authority.

that he was the high priest
The high priest (Greek: ἀρχιερεύς, archiereus) held the highest religious authority in Judaism, responsible for temple rituals and representing the people before God. Paul's statement reflects either a literal unawareness due to the high priest's informal attire or a critique of the high priest's behavior, which did not align with his sacred office. This calls us to recognize true spiritual authority, which is marked by godly character and actions.

Paul replied
Paul's response is measured and respectful, demonstrating his commitment to the truth and the law. His ability to remain composed under pressure serves as an example of how believers should respond to unjust treatment, with wisdom and respect for God's commandments.

for it is written
This phrase introduces a direct quotation from Scripture, emphasizing the authority and timeless relevance of God's Word. Paul often uses this formula to ground his arguments in the Hebrew Scriptures, showing that his teachings are consistent with God's revealed truth. It reminds us of the importance of Scripture as the foundation for our beliefs and actions.

Do not speak evil about the ruler of your people
This command, derived from Exodus 22:28, underscores the biblical principle of respecting authority. Despite the high priest's unjust actions, Paul adheres to the law, demonstrating integrity and submission to God's order. This teaches us the importance of honoring those in authority, even when they fall short, while trusting in God's ultimate justice.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul the Apostle
A key figure in the early Christian church, known for his missionary journeys and epistles. In this passage, Paul is addressing the Sanhedrin.

2. The High Priest
The religious leader of the Jewish people, who presides over the Sanhedrin. Paul inadvertently speaks against him, not realizing his position.

3. The Sanhedrin
The assembly of Jewish leaders, including the high priest, responsible for religious and legal matters in Jerusalem.

4. Jerusalem
The city where this event takes place, a central location for Jewish worship and early Christian activity.

5. The Law of Moses
The body of laws given to the Israelites, which includes the commandment Paul references about not speaking evil of a ruler.

Teaching Points

Respect for Authority
Christians are called to respect and honor those in positions of authority, recognizing their role as ordained by God.

Humility and Correction
Paul’s response demonstrates humility and a willingness to correct himself when he realizes his mistake. This is a model for how believers should respond to their own errors.

Knowledge of Scripture
Paul’s ability to quote Scripture in his defense underscores the importance of knowing God’s Word to guide our actions and words.

Discernment in Speech
Believers should be mindful of their words, especially when speaking about leaders, ensuring that their speech aligns with biblical principles.

The Role of Conscience
Paul’s initial ignorance of the high priest’s identity suggests the importance of a clear conscience and the need for discernment in complex situations.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Paul’s response to the high priest reflect his understanding of the Law, and what can we learn from his example about respecting authority?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of respecting authority in our own lives, especially when we disagree with those in power?

3. How does Paul’s immediate correction of his mistake demonstrate humility, and why is this important for Christians today?

4. What role does Scripture play in guiding our interactions with others, particularly those in leadership positions?

5. How can we cultivate a discerning spirit to ensure our words and actions align with biblical teachings, especially in challenging situations?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Exodus 22:28
This verse is directly quoted by Paul, emphasizing the importance of respecting authority figures as commanded in the Law of Moses.

Romans 13:1-7
Paul later writes about the importance of submitting to governing authorities, reinforcing the principle of respect for leadership.

1 Peter 2:13-17
Peter echoes the call to respect authority, highlighting the Christian duty to honor leaders as part of their witness.