Acts 23:6

Then Paul, knowing that some of them were Sadducees and others Pharisees, called out in the Sanhedrin, "Brothers, I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee. It is because of my hope in the resurrection of the dead that I am on trial."

Study Bible

Then Paul, knowing
The phrase highlights Paul's awareness and strategic thinking. The Greek word for "knowing" (εἰδώς, eidōs) implies a deep understanding or perception. Paul, a former Pharisee, was well-acquainted with the beliefs and dynamics of the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council. His knowledge was not just intellectual but experiential, having been part of this religious elite. This awareness allowed him to navigate the complex religious and political landscape effectively.

that some of them were Sadducees and others Pharisees
This distinction is crucial. The Sadducees and Pharisees were two prominent Jewish sects with differing beliefs. The Sadducees, often from the priestly and aristocratic classes, denied the resurrection, angels, and spirits, focusing solely on the written Law of Moses. The Pharisees, on the other hand, believed in the resurrection, angels, and spirits, and held to oral traditions alongside the written law. This division was significant in Jewish society and theology, and Paul used it to his advantage.

called out in the Sanhedrin
The Sanhedrin was the supreme religious body in Israel, akin to a combination of a court and a senate. By "calling out," Paul was making a public declaration, a bold move in such a setting. The Greek word for "called out" (ἔκραξεν, ekraxen) suggests a loud, authoritative proclamation, indicating Paul's confidence and assertiveness in addressing the council.

'Brothers, I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee'
By identifying himself as a Pharisee, Paul was aligning himself with a group that believed in the resurrection, thus creating a point of contention with the Sadducees. The term "brothers" (ἀδελφοί, adelphoi) is a term of camaraderie and shared identity, emphasizing his connection to the Jewish leaders. His claim of being "the son of a Pharisee" underscores his deep roots in Pharisaic tradition, lending him credibility and authority in the eyes of the Pharisees present.

I stand on trial because of my hope in the resurrection of the dead
This statement is the crux of Paul's defense and a masterstroke in his strategy. The "hope in the resurrection" was a central tenet of Pharisaic belief and a point of contention with the Sadducees. The Greek word for "hope" (ἐλπίς, elpis) conveys a confident expectation, not just a wishful thought. By framing his trial around the resurrection, Paul was not only defending his faith but also highlighting the theological divide between the two groups, effectively shifting the focus from himself to a broader doctrinal debate. This move was both a defense of his Christian faith, which centers on the resurrection of Jesus, and a strategic appeal to Pharisaic beliefs, creating division among his accusers and redirecting the conflict.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Paul
A former Pharisee and apostle of Jesus Christ, known for his missionary journeys and epistles in the New Testament. Here, he is on trial before the Sanhedrin.

2. Sanhedrin
The Jewish council or court in Jerusalem, composed of both Sadducees and Pharisees, responsible for religious and legal matters.

3. Pharisees
A Jewish sect known for strict adherence to the Law and belief in the resurrection, angels, and spirits.

4. Sadducees
A Jewish sect that denied the resurrection, angels, and spirits, focusing on the written Law alone.

5. Resurrection of the Dead
A central tenet of Pharisaic belief and a cornerstone of Christian doctrine, affirming life after death through resurrection.

Teaching Points

Understanding Context
Recognize the strategic wisdom of Paul in addressing the Sanhedrin by identifying with the Pharisees, thus creating division among his accusers.

The Importance of the Resurrection
The resurrection is not just a theological concept but a living hope that should influence our daily lives and perspectives on eternity.

Courage in Witnessing
Paul’s boldness in proclaiming his faith, even in the face of opposition, serves as an example for believers to stand firm in their convictions.

Unity and Division
The division between Pharisees and Sadducees highlights the importance of unity in the body of Christ, focusing on shared beliefs rather than differences.

Heritage and Identity
Paul’s reference to his Pharisaic heritage shows the value of understanding one's background while recognizing the transformative power of Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Paul’s identification as a Pharisee help him in his defense before the Sanhedrin, and what can we learn from his approach in sharing our faith?

2. In what ways does the hope of the resurrection influence your daily life and decisions? Reflect on how this hope can be a source of strength in challenging times.

3. How can we apply Paul’s example of courage and boldness in our own contexts, especially when facing opposition or misunderstanding?

4. What are some areas in the church today where division might occur, and how can we work towards unity while maintaining doctrinal integrity?

5. Reflect on your own spiritual heritage. How can understanding your background help you in your walk with Christ, and how does the gospel transform that heritage?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Philippians 3:5-6
Paul describes his background as a Pharisee, emphasizing his zeal and adherence to the Law before his conversion.

1 Corinthians 15:12-22
Paul elaborates on the importance of the resurrection, affirming it as a foundational truth of the Christian faith.

Matthew 22:23-33
Jesus debates the Sadducees on the resurrection, affirming its truth and correcting their misunderstanding.