Titles and Names of the Wicked: Sons of Belial
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The term "Sons of Belial" is a biblical expression used to describe individuals characterized by wickedness, lawlessness, and rebellion against God. The word "Belial" itself is often understood to mean "worthlessness" or "wickedness," and it is used in the Scriptures to denote those who are morally corrupt and devoid of virtue.

Biblical References:

1. Deuteronomy 13:13 : "Some worthless men have gone out from among you and have enticed the inhabitants of their city, saying, ‘Let us go and serve other gods’—gods you have not known." Here, the term "worthless men" is translated from the Hebrew "bĕlîyaʿal," indicating individuals who lead others into idolatry and away from the worship of the one true God.

2. Judges 19:22 : "While they were enjoying themselves, some wicked men of the city surrounded the house, pounding on the door. They shouted to the old man, the owner of the house, 'Bring out the man who came to your house so we can have relations with him!'" The "wicked men" in this passage are described as "sons of Belial," highlighting their depravity and moral corruption.

3. 1 Samuel 2:12 : "Now the sons of Eli were wicked men; they had no regard for the LORD." The phrase "wicked men" is again derived from "bĕlîyaʿal," emphasizing their contempt for God's commandments and their engagement in sinful practices.

4. 1 Samuel 25:17 : "Now consider carefully what you must do, because disaster is hanging over our master and his whole household. He is such a wicked man that no one can speak to him!" Nabal, described as a "son of Belial," is portrayed as obstinate and foolish, refusing to show hospitality to David and his men.

5. 2 Samuel 23:6 : "But the worthless are all like thorns raked aside, for they can never be gathered by hand." This verse uses "worthless" to describe those who are spiritually barren and resistant to righteousness, akin to "sons of Belial."

Characteristics:

The "Sons of Belial" are consistently depicted as individuals who reject divine authority and engage in acts that are contrary to God's laws. They are often associated with idolatry, sexual immorality, and other forms of moral depravity. Their actions are not only offensive to God but also destructive to the community, leading others into sin and rebellion.

Theological Implications:

From a theological perspective, the "Sons of Belial" represent the antithesis of godly living. They embody the spirit of rebellion and lawlessness that stands in opposition to the holiness and righteousness that God desires for His people. The term serves as a warning against the dangers of moral compromise and the influence of evil.

Cultural and Historical Context:

In the ancient Near Eastern context, names and titles carried significant weight, often reflecting the character or destiny of individuals. The designation "Sons of Belial" would have been understood as a severe indictment, marking those so labeled as enemies of God and His covenant community.

Conclusion:

The "Sons of Belial" serve as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God and embracing wickedness. Their presence in the biblical narrative underscores the ongoing struggle between good and evil, calling believers to remain vigilant and faithful in their walk with the Lord.
Torrey's Topical Textbook
1 Samuel 2:12
Now the sons of Eli were sons of Belial; they knew not the LORD.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

1 Kings 21:10
And set two men, sons of Belial, before him, to bear witness against him, saying, You did blaspheme God and the king. And then carry him out, and stone him, that he may die.
Torrey's Topical Textbook

Library

Concerning Salutations and Recreations, &C.
... this form of speaking, and these profane titles, derive their ... in commending most
wicked men, and wicked customs, that ... of men and things their own names is not ...
/.../proposition xv concerning salutations and.htm

The Influence of the King James Version on English Literature
... dismisses him with the phrase: "The wicked man, saith ... habitually." Many of Ruskin's
most striking titles come straight ... Let the unstarred names wait their time. ...
/.../mcafee/study of the king james bible/lecture iv the influence of.htm

Book ii. Jerome Answers the Second, Third, and Fourth Propositions ...
... Or Christ with Belial?" As day is distinct from night, so ... They think it wicked to
eat the flesh of swine ... Jonadab, the son of Rechab, commanded his sons to drink ...
/.../jerome/the principal works of st jerome/book ii jerome answers the.htm

The Ascension of Isaiah.
... Jewish, and is filled with Jewish names, Serial, Sammael ... poems in the Psalter, called
Maschil in the titles. ... to the absolute annihilation of the wicked; it is ...
//christianbookshelf.org/deane/pseudepigrapha/the ascension of isaiah.htm

The Doctrine
... and as easy to be understood, by those that are the sons of wisdom ... O wicked wretch! ...
These are several titles which are set over the several TRUTHS contained in ...
/.../bunyan/the works of john bunyan volumes 1-3/the doctrine.htm

The Life and Death of Mr. Badman,
... is that saying of Solomon, 'The heart of the sons of men ... As for those whose names
I mention, their crimes or ... But, pray, show me now how wicked cursing is to be ...
/.../bunyan/the works of john bunyan volumes 1-3/the life and death of.htm

Resources
What is the name of God? | GotQuestions.org

Is it biblical to call the wife of a pastor, elder, or bishop the First Lady of the church? | GotQuestions.org

What is the meaning of “Everlasting Father” in Isaiah 9:6? | GotQuestions.org

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Titles and Names of the Wicked: Sinners
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