Biblical Reference:
The Seventh Commandment is found in the Book of Exodus, where God delivers the Ten Commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai. The specific commandment is stated succinctly in Exodus 20:14 : "You shall not commit adultery." This commandment is reiterated in Deuteronomy 5:18 with the same wording, underscoring its importance in the moral and ethical framework given to the Israelites.

Definition and Scope:
Adultery, as defined in the biblical context, refers to a voluntary sexual relationship between a married person and someone who is not their spouse. This commandment serves as a divine mandate to uphold the sanctity and exclusivity of the marital covenant. It is a call to fidelity and purity within marriage, reflecting the faithfulness of God to His people.

Theological Significance:
The Seventh Commandment is not merely a prohibition against a specific act but is deeply rooted in the biblical understanding of marriage as a sacred institution ordained by God. Marriage is depicted as a covenantal relationship that mirrors the covenant between God and His people. In the prophetic literature, such as in the Book of Hosea, adultery is often used metaphorically to describe Israel's unfaithfulness to God through idolatry (Hosea 3:1).

Moral and Ethical Implications:
The commandment against adultery emphasizes the importance of trust, loyalty, and integrity in human relationships. It serves as a safeguard for the family unit, which is foundational to societal stability. The violation of this commandment is seen as a breach of trust that can lead to the breakdown of families and communities.

New Testament Teachings:
In the New Testament, Jesus expands on the understanding of adultery, emphasizing the heart's intentions. In Matthew 5:27-28 , Jesus teaches, "You have heard that it was said, 'Do not commit adultery.' But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman to lust after her has already committed adultery with her in his heart." This teaching highlights the internalization of the commandment, where purity of heart and mind is as crucial as outward actions.

Consequences and Redemption:
The Bible outlines serious consequences for adultery, both in terms of personal relationships and one's relationship with God. In the Old Testament, the penalty for adultery was severe, reflecting the gravity of the offense (Leviticus 20:10). However, the New Testament also offers a message of redemption and forgiveness. In John 8:3-11, Jesus encounters a woman caught in adultery and extends grace, urging her to "go and sin no more" (John 8:11).

Practical Application:
For believers, the Seventh Commandment calls for a commitment to marital fidelity and the cultivation of a pure heart. It encourages individuals to honor their marriage vows and to seek God's strength in maintaining moral integrity. The commandment also serves as a reminder of the need for repentance and the transformative power of God's grace in restoring broken relationships.