The setting sun is a recurring motif in the Bible, symbolizing the end of a day, the passage of time, and often serving as a metaphor for the end of life or the close of an era. In the biblical narrative, the sun's setting is a natural phenomenon that marks the transition from day to night, often used to signify the completion of daily activities and the onset of rest.

Creation and Order:
The setting sun is first implied in the creation account in Genesis. On the fourth day, God created the "greater light to rule the day" (Genesis 1:16), establishing the cycle of day and night. This cycle underscores the divine order and rhythm established by God, reflecting His sovereignty over time and creation.

Daily Life and Worship:
In the daily life of the Israelites, the setting sun marked the beginning of a new day, as the Hebrew day began at sunset. This is evident in the observance of the Sabbath, which commences at sundown on Friday and concludes at sundown on Saturday (Leviticus 23:32). The setting sun thus plays a crucial role in the rhythm of worship and rest, as ordained by God.

Symbolism of Judgment and Renewal:
The setting sun is also symbolic of judgment and renewal. In Deuteronomy 24:13, the law instructs that a pledged garment should be returned to its owner "by sunset," emphasizing justice and compassion. Similarly, in Joshua 10:27, the setting sun marks the end of a day of battle and the execution of justice upon the enemies of Israel.

Metaphor for Life's Transience:
The setting sun serves as a metaphor for the brevity and transience of life. In Psalm 104:19, the psalmist acknowledges God's control over time: "He made the moon to mark the seasons; the sun knows when to set." This acknowledgment of divine control over the setting sun serves as a reminder of human mortality and the fleeting nature of earthly existence.

Prophetic Imagery:
Prophetically, the setting sun is used to describe times of darkness and judgment. In Amos 8:9, the Lord declares, "I will make the sun go down at noon and darken the earth in broad daylight," symbolizing a time of divine judgment and upheaval. This imagery underscores the power of God to alter the natural order as a sign of His sovereign will.

Hope and Restoration:
Despite its association with endings, the setting sun also holds a promise of hope and restoration. Lamentations 3:22-23 speaks of God's mercies being "new every morning," implying that the setting sun, while marking the end of one day, also heralds the dawn of another, filled with renewed grace and opportunity.

In summary, the setting sun in the Bible is a multifaceted symbol that reflects God's order, justice, and the transient nature of life, while also offering hope for renewal and the assurance of His unchanging faithfulness.