The concepts of righteousness and unrighteousness are central themes throughout the Bible, reflecting the moral and ethical standards set by God for humanity. These terms are often used to describe the spiritual state of individuals and their relationship with God.

Righteousness

Righteousness in the Bible is fundamentally about being in right standing with God. It is both a legal and moral term, indicating conformity to God's will and law. The Hebrew word for righteousness, "tsedeq," and the Greek word "dikaiosyne" both convey the idea of justice, virtue, and uprightness.

1. Old Testament Understanding: In the Old Testament, righteousness is often associated with God's character and His covenant with Israel. Genesis 15:6 states, "Abram believed the LORD, and it was credited to him as righteousness." This verse highlights the foundational principle that righteousness is attributed through faith. The Law, given through Moses, provided a standard for righteous living, as seen in Deuteronomy 6:25 : "And if we are careful to observe every one of these commandments before the LORD our God, as He has commanded us, then that will be our righteousness."

2. New Testament Revelation: The New Testament reveals that true righteousness comes through faith in Jesus Christ. Romans 3:22 declares, "And this righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe." The Apostle Paul emphasizes that righteousness is a gift from God, not earned by works, but granted through faith (Ephesians 2:8-9).

3. Characteristics of the Righteous: The righteous are described as those who live by faith (Habakkuk 2:4), who seek to do God's will (Matthew 6:33), and who exhibit the fruits of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22-23). They are called to be holy, as God is holy (1 Peter 1:15-16).

Unrighteousness

Unrighteousness, in contrast, denotes a state of moral failure and rebellion against God's standards. It is characterized by sin, injustice, and a rejection of God's authority.

1. Old Testament Depictions: The Old Testament frequently contrasts the righteous with the unrighteous. Psalm 1:6 states, "For the LORD guards the path of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish." Unrighteousness is often associated with idolatry, injustice, and immorality, leading to divine judgment.

2. New Testament Clarification: The New Testament further clarifies that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God (Romans 3:23). Unrighteousness is not only a matter of external actions but also of the heart. Jesus taught that evil thoughts, murder, adultery, and other sins originate from within (Mark 7:21-23).

3. Consequences of Unrighteousness: The Bible warns of the consequences of living in unrighteousness. Romans 6:23 states, "For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." The unrighteous are excluded from the kingdom of God unless they repent and turn to Christ (1 Corinthians 6:9-11).

The Call to Righteousness

Throughout Scripture, there is a consistent call for individuals to pursue righteousness. This pursuit is not merely about adhering to a set of rules but involves a transformative relationship with God through Jesus Christ. Believers are encouraged to "put on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness" (Ephesians 4:24). The righteous are assured of God's favor and eternal life, while the unrighteous face judgment unless they repent and embrace the righteousness offered through faith in Christ.