Definition and Purpose
A parable is a simple, illustrative account used to convey spiritual or moral lessons. In the Bible, parables are predominantly found in the teachings of Jesus Christ, who used them to reveal truths about the Kingdom of God. Parables are characterized by their use of everyday situations and characters to communicate deeper theological meanings.

Biblical Context
Parables are a significant component of the Synoptic Gospels—Matthew, Mark, and Luke. They serve as a method by which Jesus taught His followers, often using familiar scenarios to illustrate complex spiritual truths. The use of parables allowed Jesus to communicate with those who were open to His message while concealing the truth from those who were not receptive.

Purpose of Parables
Jesus explained the purpose of parables in Matthew 13:10-13 : "The disciples came to Him and asked, 'Why do You speak to the people in parables?' He replied, 'The knowledge of the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven has been given to you, but not to them. Whoever has will be given more, and he will have an abundance. Whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him. This is why I speak to them in parables: Though seeing, they do not see; though hearing, they do not hear or understand.'"

Key Parables and Their Themes
1. The Parable of the Sower (Matthew 13:3-9, 18-23; Mark 4:3-20; Luke 8:5-15)
This parable illustrates the different responses to the Word of God, represented by seed sown on various types of soil. It emphasizes the importance of a receptive heart for spiritual growth and fruitfulness.

2. The Parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37)
This account highlights the command to love one's neighbor and challenges societal prejudices by depicting a Samaritan as the compassionate figure who aids a wounded man, in contrast to the neglect shown by a priest and a Levite.

3. The Parable of the Prodigal Son (Luke 15:11-32)
This parable reveals the boundless grace and forgiveness of God, represented by a father who welcomes back his repentant son with open arms, despite the son's previous waywardness.

4. The Parable of the Talents (Matthew 25:14-30)
This account underscores the importance of faithful stewardship and the use of God-given gifts and resources. It warns against complacency and highlights the rewards of diligence and accountability.

5. The Parable of the Ten Virgins (Matthew 25:1-13)
This parable stresses the necessity of spiritual preparedness and vigilance for the return of Christ, symbolized by the wise virgins who kept their lamps filled with oil.

Interpretation and Application
Parables require careful interpretation to uncover their spiritual meanings. They often contain a central message or moral, with additional layers of meaning that can be discerned through prayerful study and reflection. The use of parables by Jesus invites believers to engage with the text actively, seeking to understand and apply the lessons to their lives.

Theological Significance
Parables are a testament to the wisdom and teaching authority of Jesus. They reveal the nature of God's Kingdom, the character of God, and the expectations for His followers. Through parables, Jesus communicated profound truths in a manner that was accessible yet challenging, inviting listeners to deeper contemplation and transformation.