Altar

The concept of the altar is deeply rooted in biblical tradition, serving as a central element in the worship and sacrificial systems of the Israelites. The Hebrew word for altar, "mizbeach," is derived from a root meaning "to slaughter," reflecting its primary function as a place for sacrifices. Altars were constructed in various forms, from simple earthen structures to elaborate stone edifices, and were integral to the covenant relationship between God and His people.

The first mention of an altar in the Bible is found in Genesis 8:20, where Noah builds an altar to the LORD after the flood: "Then Noah built an altar to the LORD. Taking from every kind of clean animal and clean bird, he offered burnt offerings on the altar." This act of worship and thanksgiving set a precedent for future generations.

In the Mosaic Law, the altar became a focal point of the Tabernacle and later the Temple. The altar of burnt offering, located in the courtyard of the Tabernacle, was made of acacia wood overlaid with bronze (Exodus 27:1-8). It was here that the Israelites offered sacrifices for atonement, thanksgiving, and fellowship. Leviticus 1-7 provides detailed instructions on the various types of offerings and their significance.

The altar also served as a place of divine encounter and revelation. In Judges 6:24, Gideon built an altar to the LORD and called it "The LORD Is Peace." Similarly, in 1 Kings 18, Elijah repaired the altar of the LORD on Mount Carmel, demonstrating God's power over the prophets of Baal.

Sanctuary

The sanctuary, or "miqdash" in Hebrew, refers to a holy place set apart for the worship of God. It encompasses both the physical structure and the sacred space where God's presence dwells among His people. The concept of the sanctuary is first introduced in Exodus 25:8, where God instructs Moses, "And they are to make a sanctuary for Me, so that I may dwell among them."

The Tabernacle, also known as the Tent of Meeting, was the first sanctuary constructed by the Israelites. It was a portable structure that accompanied them during their wilderness journey. The Tabernacle was divided into three main areas: the Outer Court, the Holy Place, and the Most Holy Place (Holy of Holies). The Most Holy Place housed the Ark of the Covenant, symbolizing God's throne and His covenant with Israel.

The Temple in Jerusalem, built by Solomon, succeeded the Tabernacle as the permanent sanctuary. In 1 Kings 6:1-38, the construction of the Temple is described in detail, emphasizing its grandeur and the meticulous care taken to honor God. The Temple served as the central place of worship and sacrifice until its destruction by the Babylonians in 586 BC.

The sanctuary is not only a physical location but also a theological concept representing God's holiness and His desire to dwell with His people. In the New Testament, the idea of the sanctuary is expanded to include the body of believers. In 1 Corinthians 3:16, Paul writes, "Do you not know that you yourselves are God’s temple, and that God’s Spirit dwells in you?" This reflects the transition from a physical sanctuary to a spiritual one, where the presence of God resides within the hearts of His followers.

Throughout Scripture, the altar and sanctuary symbolize the intersection of the divine and human, where God meets His people in worship, sacrifice, and covenant relationship.