Introduction

Teaching the Law refers to the instruction and dissemination of the Mosaic Law, which is central to the religious, moral, and social life of the Israelites as depicted in the Old Testament. The Law, given by God through Moses, encompasses commandments, statutes, and ordinances that guide the covenant relationship between God and His people. The teaching of the Law is a recurring theme throughout the Bible, emphasizing the importance of understanding and adhering to God's commandments.

Biblical Foundation

The foundation for teaching the Law is established in the Pentateuch, particularly in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. The Law is first given at Mount Sinai, where God delivers the Ten Commandments to Moses (Exodus 20:1-17). The role of teaching the Law is further emphasized in Deuteronomy, where Moses reiterates the importance of instruction: "These words I am commanding you today are to be upon your hearts. And you shall teach them diligently to your children and speak of them when you sit at home and when you walk along the road, when you lie down and when you get up" (Deuteronomy 6:6-7).

Role of Priests and Levites

The priests and Levites were primarily responsible for teaching the Law to the people. They served as mediators between God and Israel, ensuring that the Law was understood and followed. Leviticus 10:11 states, "You must teach the Israelites all the statutes that the LORD has given them through Moses" . The Levites were also tasked with reading the Law publicly during the Feast of Tabernacles every seven years (Deuteronomy 31:10-13).

The Role of Kings and Leaders

Israel's kings were also expected to uphold and teach the Law. Deuteronomy 17:18-19 instructs that a king must write for himself a copy of the Law and read it all his life to learn to fear the LORD and follow His commandments. This directive underscores the importance of the Law in governance and leadership.

Prophets as Teachers

Prophets played a crucial role in teaching and reminding the people of the Law. They called Israel back to faithfulness and obedience, often highlighting the consequences of neglecting God's commandments. For instance, the prophet Hosea lamented, "My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge. Because you have rejected knowledge, I also will reject you as My priests. Since you have forgotten the law of your God, I will also forget your children" (Hosea 4:6).

Teaching the Law in the New Testament

In the New Testament, Jesus Christ is portrayed as the fulfillment of the Law. He taught with authority, expounding on the deeper spiritual meanings of the Law. In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus states, "Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them, but to fulfill them" (Matthew 5:17). Jesus emphasized the spirit of the Law, focusing on love, mercy, and justice.

The apostles continued the teaching of the Law, interpreting it in light of Christ's life and work. The early church grappled with the role of the Law for Gentile believers, as seen in the Jerusalem Council (Acts 15). The apostle Paul, in his letters, often addressed the relationship between the Law and grace, emphasizing that the Law serves as a tutor leading to Christ (Galatians 3:24).

Conclusion

The teaching of the Law remains a vital aspect of biblical instruction, serving as a foundation for understanding God's will and character. Through the Law, believers are called to live in obedience and reflect God's holiness in their lives.