Myrrh, a fragrant gum resin derived from the Commiphora species of trees, holds significant symbolic meaning throughout the Bible. Its use spans from sacred rituals to royal ceremonies, embodying themes of sacrifice, suffering, and divine presence.

Biblical References and Symbolism

1. Gift of the Magi: Myrrh is notably mentioned in the New Testament as one of the gifts presented by the Magi to the infant Jesus. In Matthew 2:11 , it states, "On coming to the house, they saw the Child with His mother Mary, and they fell down and worshiped Him. Then they opened their treasures and presented Him with gifts: gold, frankincense, and myrrh." The inclusion of myrrh, alongside gold and frankincense, symbolizes Jesus' future suffering and death, as myrrh was commonly used in embalming practices.

2. Anointing Oil: In the Old Testament, myrrh is a key ingredient in the sacred anointing oil described in Exodus 30:23-25 : "Take the finest spices: 500 shekels of liquid myrrh, half as much (250 shekels) of fragrant cinnamon, 250 shekels of fragrant cane, 500 shekels of cassia—all according to the sanctuary shekel—and a hin of olive oil. Prepare from these a holy anointing oil, a fragrant blend, the work of a perfumer; it will be a holy anointing oil." This anointing oil was used to consecrate the tabernacle and its furnishings, as well as the priests, signifying holiness and the presence of God.

3. Preparation for Burial: Myrrh's association with death and burial is further emphasized in John 19:39-40 , where Nicodemus brings a mixture of myrrh and aloes to prepare Jesus' body for burial: "Nicodemus, who had previously come to Jesus at night, also brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds. So they took the body of Jesus and wrapped it in linen cloths with the spices, according to the Jewish burial custom." This act underscores myrrh's role in embalming and its connection to mortality and sacrifice.

4. Symbol of Suffering and Sacrifice: Myrrh's bitter taste and its use in embalming highlight its symbolic connection to suffering and sacrifice. In Mark 15:23 , myrrh is offered to Jesus on the cross: "There they offered Him wine mixed with myrrh, but He did not take it." This gesture reflects the bitterness of His suffering and the fulfillment of His sacrificial role.

5. Royalty and Wealth: Beyond its association with suffering, myrrh also symbolizes wealth and royalty. In Song of Solomon 3:6 , myrrh is part of a royal procession: "Who is this coming up from the wilderness like a column of smoke, scented with myrrh and frankincense, from all the spices of the merchant?" This imagery conveys opulence and the esteem of the beloved.

Conclusion

Throughout the Bible, myrrh serves as a multifaceted symbol, representing themes of sacrifice, suffering, holiness, and royalty. Its presence in key biblical narratives underscores its importance in conveying the profound spiritual truths of the Christian faith.