Righteousness, in the biblical context, refers to the quality of being morally right or justifiable, aligning with God's standards and commands. It is a central theme throughout the Scriptures, reflecting God's character and His expectations for humanity. The Hebrew word for righteousness, "tsedeq," and the Greek word "dikaiosyne" both convey the idea of justice, virtue, and uprightness.

In the Old Testament, righteousness is often associated with God's covenant relationship with Israel. It is depicted as adherence to the Law given through Moses, which outlines the moral and ceremonial standards for the Israelites. For instance, Deuteronomy 6:25 states, "And if we are careful to observe every one of these commandments before the LORD our God, as He has commanded us, then that will be our righteousness."

The Psalms and the Prophets frequently highlight the righteousness of God as a foundation for His actions and judgments. Psalm 11:7 declares, "For the LORD is righteous; He loves justice. The upright will see His face." The prophets, such as Isaiah, call the people to return to righteousness, emphasizing that true righteousness involves both ethical behavior and a right relationship with God (Isaiah 1:16-17).

In the New Testament, righteousness takes on a more profound theological significance with the advent of Jesus Christ. The Apostle Paul, in particular, expounds on the concept of righteousness in his epistles. Romans 3:22 explains, "And this righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe." Here, righteousness is not achieved by human effort but is imputed to believers through faith in Christ, who fulfilled the Law perfectly.

The Sermon on the Mount, delivered by Jesus, further elucidates the nature of righteousness. In Matthew 5:20 , Jesus asserts, "For I tell you that unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven." This statement underscores the necessity of a heart transformed by God's grace, surpassing mere external compliance with religious norms.

Righteousness is also linked to the eschatological hope of believers. In 2 Peter 3:13 , it is written, "But in keeping with God’s promise, we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth, where righteousness dwells." This future vision assures believers of a restored creation where God's righteousness reigns supreme.

Authority

Authority, as presented in the Bible, is the legitimate power or right to command, act, or enforce obedience. It is a concept that permeates both the Old and New Testaments, reflecting the divine order established by God.

In the Old Testament, authority is often depicted in the context of God's sovereignty over creation and His covenant people. God is portrayed as the ultimate authority, whose decrees and commands are to be obeyed. Psalm 103:19 affirms, "The LORD has established His throne in heaven, and His kingdom rules over all." This verse highlights God's supreme authority over the universe.

Human authority is also recognized, particularly in the roles of kings, priests, and prophets. These leaders are seen as God's representatives, tasked with guiding the people according to His will. However, their authority is contingent upon their obedience to God. For example, King Saul's authority is revoked due to his disobedience, as seen in 1 Samuel 15:26 : "But Samuel said to him, 'I will not go back with you, because you have rejected the word of the LORD, and He has rejected you as king over Israel.'"

In the New Testament, Jesus Christ is the embodiment of divine authority. His teachings, miracles, and resurrection demonstrate His authority over nature, sin, and death. In Matthew 28:18 , Jesus declares, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me." This statement underscores His divine mandate and the basis for the Great Commission.

The Apostles, as witnesses of Christ's resurrection, are endowed with authority to preach the Gospel and establish the early Church. This authority is evident in their teachings and writings, which form the foundation of Christian doctrine. The Apostle Paul, in 2 Corinthians 10:8 , speaks of his authority, stating, "For even if I boast somewhat freely about the authority the Lord gave us for building you up rather than tearing you down, I will not be ashamed."

Authority within the Church is further delineated in the pastoral epistles, where qualifications for leaders such as elders and deacons are outlined. These leaders are entrusted with the responsibility to shepherd the flock and maintain doctrinal purity, as seen in Titus 1:9 : "He must hold firmly to the trustworthy message as it has been taught, so that he can encourage others by sound doctrine and refute those who oppose it."

The Bible also addresses the believer's relationship to secular authority. Romans 13:1 instructs, "Let every soul be subject to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God." This passage emphasizes the divine origin of governmental authority and the Christian duty to respect and obey it, insofar as it does not conflict with God's commands.