In biblical theology, the concept of the "remnant" refers to a small, faithful group of God's people who remain true to Him despite widespread apostasy or judgment. This theme is prevalent throughout both the Old and New Testaments, illustrating God's enduring faithfulness and the hope of restoration.

In the Old Testament, the remnant is often seen in the context of Israel's history. During times of national judgment, such as the Assyrian and Babylonian exiles, God preserved a remnant of His people. Isaiah 10:20-22 speaks of this: "On that day the remnant of Israel and the survivors of the house of Jacob will no longer depend on him who struck them, but will truly rely on the LORD, the Holy One of Israel. A remnant will return, a remnant of Jacob, to the Mighty God. Though your people, O Israel, be like the sand of the sea, only a remnant will return."

The remnant is not merely a group that survives physically but is characterized by spiritual fidelity. In 1 Kings 19:18 , God reassures Elijah, saying, "Yet I will leave seven thousand in Israel—all the knees that have not bowed to Baal and every mouth that has not kissed him." This indicates that the remnant is defined by their unwavering commitment to God amidst widespread idolatry.

In the New Testament, the concept of the remnant is expanded to include Gentiles who come to faith in Christ. Romans 11:5 states, "In the same way, at the present time there is a remnant chosen by grace." This highlights the continuity of God's plan through a faithful remnant, now inclusive of all who believe in Jesus Christ, regardless of ethnic background.

Theologically, the remnant serves as a testament to God's sovereign grace and His ability to preserve His covenant people. It underscores the hope that, despite human failure, God's purposes will ultimately prevail through those who remain faithful to Him.

Repentance

Repentance is a fundamental concept in Christian theology, signifying a profound change of heart and mind that leads to a transformation of life. It involves turning away from sin and turning toward God, seeking His forgiveness and aligning one's life with His will.

In the Old Testament, repentance is often associated with a return to God after a period of disobedience. The Hebrew word for repentance, "teshuvah," literally means "return." The call to repentance is a recurring theme in the prophetic writings, as seen in Joel 2:12-13 : "Yet even now," declares the LORD, "return to Me with all your heart, with fasting, weeping, and mourning. Rend your hearts and not your garments. Return to the LORD your God, for He is gracious and compassionate, slow to anger, abounding in loving devotion."

In the New Testament, repentance is central to the message of Jesus and the apostles. John the Baptist's ministry began with the call to repentance, as recorded in Matthew 3:2 : "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near." Jesus Himself emphasized repentance as essential for entering the kingdom of God, as seen in Mark 1:15 : "The time is fulfilled," He said, "and the kingdom of God is near. Repent and believe in the gospel!"

Repentance in the New Testament is closely linked with faith in Christ. It is not merely an emotional response but involves a decisive turning from sin and a commitment to follow Jesus. Acts 3:19 exhorts, "Repent, then, and turn back, so that your sins may be wiped away, that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord."

Theologically, repentance is a gift from God, enabled by the Holy Spirit's conviction of sin. It is an essential aspect of salvation, as it reflects a genuine acknowledgment of one's sinfulness and the need for God's grace. True repentance results in a transformed life, bearing fruit in keeping with repentance, as evidenced by a renewed mind and a life that seeks to honor God.