The role of the priest in the biblical context is both a high honor and a significant responsibility. Priests served as mediators between God and the people of Israel, performing sacred rituals, teaching the law, and maintaining the sanctity of worship. The priesthood was established by God through Moses, with Aaron and his descendants appointed as the first priests (Exodus 28:1).

Privileges of the Priesthood

1. Divine Selection and Anointing: Priests were chosen by God, a privilege that set them apart for holy service. The anointing of Aaron and his sons signified their consecration to the Lord (Exodus 28:41). This divine selection underscored the sacred nature of their duties.

2. Access to the Holy Places: Priests had the unique privilege of entering the Holy Place in the Tabernacle and later the Temple. The High Priest, once a year on the Day of Atonement, was permitted to enter the Most Holy Place to make atonement for the people (Leviticus 16:2-34).

3. Portion of Offerings: Priests were entitled to a portion of certain offerings brought by the Israelites. This included parts of the grain offerings, sin offerings, and peace offerings (Leviticus 6:14-18; 7:31-34). These provisions were a means of sustenance for the priests and their families.

4. Authority in Religious Matters: Priests held authority in interpreting the law and making judgments on matters of ritual purity and other religious concerns (Deuteronomy 17:8-12). Their role as teachers and judges was integral to maintaining the covenantal relationship between God and Israel.

Responsibilities of the Priesthood

1. Offering Sacrifices: Central to the priestly role was the offering of sacrifices on behalf of the people. These sacrifices were essential for atonement and maintaining fellowship with God (Leviticus 1-7). The priests were responsible for ensuring that these offerings were made according to divine instructions.

2. Teaching the Law: Priests were tasked with instructing the Israelites in the statutes and commandments of God. They were to be knowledgeable in the law and capable of guiding the people in righteous living (Leviticus 10:11; Malachi 2:7).

3. Maintaining Ritual Purity: Priests were required to adhere to strict standards of purity, both in their personal lives and in their service. This included regulations concerning diet, marriage, and contact with the dead (Leviticus 21). Their purity was essential for the sanctity of their ministry.

4. Intercession for the People: As mediators, priests interceded for the people before God. This included offering prayers and making atonement for sins (Numbers 6:22-27). Their intercessory role was vital for the spiritual well-being of the nation.

5. Guardians of the Sanctuary: Priests were responsible for the care and maintenance of the Tabernacle and later the Temple. This included overseeing the sacred furnishings and ensuring that the worship practices were conducted properly (Numbers 3:32).

The priesthood, as established in the Old Testament, foreshadowed the ultimate High Priest, Jesus Christ, who fulfilled and transcended these roles through His perfect sacrifice and eternal intercession (Hebrews 4:14-16). The privileges and responsibilities of the priesthood highlight the holiness and order that God desires in worship and community life.