The title "King of Righteousness and Peace" is primarily associated with Melchizedek, a mysterious and significant figure in biblical theology. Melchizedek appears in the Old Testament and is later referenced in the New Testament, where his role and symbolism are further expounded.

Old Testament Background

Melchizedek first appears in Genesis 14:18-20, where he is introduced as the king of Salem and a priest of God Most High. The passage states:

"Then Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine. He was priest of God Most High, and he blessed Abram, saying: 'Blessed be Abram by God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth. And blessed be God Most High, who has delivered your enemies into your hand.' Then Abram gave him a tenth of everything." (Genesis 14:18-20)

The name "Melchizedek" itself is significant, as it is often interpreted to mean "King of Righteousness" (from the Hebrew "melek" meaning king, and "tzedek" meaning righteousness). Additionally, as the king of Salem, which is traditionally identified with Jerusalem, he is also associated with peace, as "Salem" is related to "shalom," the Hebrew word for peace.

New Testament Interpretation

The New Testament book of Hebrews provides a theological interpretation of Melchizedek's role and significance, particularly in relation to Jesus Christ. Hebrews 7:1-3 states:

"This Melchizedek was king of Salem and priest of God Most High. He met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and blessed him, and Abraham apportioned to him a tenth of everything. First, his name means 'king of righteousness.' Then also, 'king of Salem' means 'king of peace.' Without father or mother or genealogy, without beginning of days or end of life, like the Son of God, he remains a priest forever." (Hebrews 7:1-3)

The author of Hebrews emphasizes Melchizedek's dual role as both king and priest, a combination that prefigures the messianic role of Jesus Christ. Unlike the Levitical priesthood, which was based on lineage, Melchizedek's priesthood is portrayed as eternal and unique, foreshadowing the eternal priesthood of Christ.

Christological Significance

In Christian theology, Melchizedek is seen as a type of Christ, a prefiguration of the Messiah who embodies both righteousness and peace. Jesus is understood to fulfill the roles of both king and priest, bringing righteousness and peace through His life, death, and resurrection. Hebrews 7:17 affirms this connection by quoting Psalm 110:4: "You are a priest forever in the order of Melchizedek."

This typology underscores the belief in Jesus as the ultimate King of Righteousness and Peace, who reconciles humanity to God and establishes a kingdom characterized by justice and tranquility. The dual aspects of righteousness and peace are central to the Christian understanding of salvation and the nature of Christ's kingdom.

Conclusion

The title "King of Righteousness and Peace" encapsulates the dual roles of Melchizedek and, by extension, Jesus Christ. It highlights the biblical themes of justice, peace, and divine priesthood, which are integral to the Christian faith and its understanding of the person and work of Christ.