The title "King of Goiim" appears in the context of the early narratives of the Book of Genesis, specifically in Genesis 14. The term "Goiim" is often translated as "nations" or "peoples," and it is associated with a coalition of kings during the time of Abram (later Abraham). The King of Goiim is identified as Tidal, one of the four kings who waged war against the five kings of the cities of the plain, including Sodom and Gomorrah.

Biblical Context

In Genesis 14:1-2 , the text states: "In those days Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Kedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim went to war against Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar)." This passage introduces Tidal as a significant figure in the coalition led by Kedorlaomer, the king of Elam.

The narrative describes a conflict in which the four kings, including Tidal, subjugate the five kings of the cities of the plain. This coalition of kings had previously subjected the cities to their rule, and the rebellion of the five kings led to a punitive campaign by the coalition. The conflict culminates in the Battle of the Valley of Siddim, where the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah are defeated, and their cities are plundered.

Historical and Theological Significance

The mention of Tidal as the King of Goiim has intrigued scholars and theologians, as the term "Goiim" is somewhat ambiguous. It is often understood to refer to a confederation of various peoples or tribes, possibly indicating a ruler with authority over a diverse group of nations. This aligns with the broader biblical theme of the nations, or "goyim," which frequently appears in the Old Testament to denote non-Israelite peoples.

From a theological perspective, the account of the King of Goiim and the coalition of kings serves to highlight the geopolitical landscape of the ancient Near East during the time of Abram. It underscores the transient nature of earthly power and the divine providence that ultimately guides the course of history. The narrative sets the stage for Abram's subsequent rescue of Lot, his nephew, which further emphasizes God's favor and protection over Abram and his descendants.

Abram's Role and God's Covenant

Abram's involvement in the conflict, as described in Genesis 14:13-16 , is pivotal. Upon learning of Lot's capture, Abram mobilizes his trained men and pursues the coalition of kings, ultimately defeating them and rescuing Lot. This act of bravery and faithfulness is significant in the broader narrative of God's covenant with Abram, as it demonstrates Abram's role as a protector and leader.

The encounter with Melchizedek, king of Salem, following Abram's victory, further enriches the theological implications of the narrative. Melchizedek blesses Abram, and Abram gives him a tenth of everything, acknowledging the divine blessing and priestly authority of Melchizedek. This event foreshadows the establishment of a priestly order and the eventual coming of the Messiah, who is described in the New Testament as a priest in the order of Melchizedek (Hebrews 7:17).

Conclusion

The King of Goiim, as represented by Tidal, is a figure that contributes to the rich tapestry of biblical history and theology. His role in the coalition of kings against the cities of the plain provides insight into the complex interactions between ancient Near Eastern powers and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan through Abram and his descendants.