The title "King of Arpad" refers to the monarch who ruled over the ancient city of Arpad, a significant city-state located in northern Syria. Arpad is mentioned in the Bible in the context of the Assyrian campaigns and the prophetic literature, particularly during the 8th century BC. The city was known for its strategic importance and its involvement in the regional power struggles of the time.

Biblical References:

Arpad is mentioned in several passages in the Old Testament, often in conjunction with other cities and kingdoms that faced the expansionist policies of the Assyrian Empire. One of the key references is found in the book of Isaiah, where the prophet speaks of the Assyrian conquests:

"Has not Calno fared like Carchemish? Is not Hamath like Arpad, and Samaria like Damascus?" (Isaiah 10:9).

This verse highlights the fate of Arpad alongside other cities that were conquered or threatened by Assyria, illustrating the widespread impact of Assyrian military campaigns.

Another reference is found in the book of Jeremiah, where the prophet lists Arpad among the cities that will be confounded and shamed:

"Hamath and Arpad are put to shame, for they have heard bad news; they are disheartened. There is trouble on the sea; it cannot be quiet." (Jeremiah 49:23).

This passage reflects the anxiety and turmoil experienced by these cities in the face of impending doom, likely due to the Assyrian threat.

Historical Context:

Arpad was a prominent city in the region of Aram, and its king played a crucial role in the political and military alliances of the time. The city was part of a coalition of states that resisted Assyrian domination. However, despite its efforts, Arpad eventually fell to the Assyrians under the reign of Tiglath-Pileser III in the 8th century BC. This conquest is recorded in Assyrian annals and corroborates the biblical narrative of Assyrian expansion.

The fall of Arpad marked a significant shift in the balance of power in the region, as Assyria continued to assert its dominance over the Levant. The city's defeat served as a warning to other states and is often cited in prophetic literature as an example of divine judgment against nations that opposed God's chosen instruments.

Theological Significance:

From a theological perspective, the mention of Arpad and its king in the Bible serves as a testament to the sovereignty of God over the nations. The prophetic references to Arpad emphasize the theme of divine judgment and the futility of resisting God's plans. The fate of Arpad is used as a cautionary tale for Israel and other nations, illustrating the consequences of pride and rebellion against divine authority.

The biblical narrative underscores the belief that God uses historical events and powerful empires, such as Assyria, to accomplish His purposes. The inclusion of Arpad in the prophetic oracles serves to remind the faithful of God's control over history and His ability to bring about His will through the rise and fall of kingdoms.