The descendants of Zattu are a group mentioned in the post-exilic period of Israel's history, specifically in the context of the return from the Babylonian exile. They are listed among the families who returned to Jerusalem and Judah to rebuild the temple and restore the community of Israel.

Biblical References:

1. Ezra 2:8 : "the descendants of Zattu, 945." This verse is part of a larger list detailing the families and their numbers who returned to Jerusalem under the leadership of Zerubbabel. The mention of 945 individuals indicates a significant family group, suggesting that the descendants of Zattu were a substantial part of the returning exiles.

2. Nehemiah 7:13 : "the descendants of Zattu, 845." This passage mirrors the account in Ezra but lists a slightly different number of returnees. The discrepancy in numbers between Ezra and Nehemiah is a topic of scholarly discussion, often attributed to different stages of the return or variations in record-keeping.

3. Nehemiah 10:14 : "The leaders of the people: Parosh, Pahath-moab, Elam, Zattu, Bani." Here, Zattu is mentioned among the leaders who sealed the covenant, a significant act of recommitment to the Law of God and the restoration of the community's spiritual and social order. This indicates that the descendants of Zattu held a position of leadership and influence in the post-exilic community.

Historical and Theological Context:

The return from exile was a pivotal moment in Israel's history, marking the fulfillment of prophetic promises and the beginning of a new chapter for the Jewish people. The descendants of Zattu, like other returning families, played a crucial role in the physical and spiritual rebuilding of the nation. Their inclusion in the lists of returnees underscores their commitment to the covenant and their dedication to the restoration of Jerusalem and the temple.

Theologically, the return from exile and the rebuilding efforts symbolize themes of redemption, restoration, and faithfulness. The descendants of Zattu, by participating in this process, exemplify the collective effort of the Jewish people to renew their identity and relationship with God. Their leadership in sealing the covenant further highlights their role in guiding the community towards spiritual renewal and adherence to the Law.

Significance:

The descendants of Zattu, though not extensively detailed in the biblical narrative, represent the broader community of Israelites who returned from exile with a renewed sense of purpose and identity. Their mention in the lists of returnees and leaders signifies their importance in the historical and spiritual landscape of post-exilic Israel. As part of the remnant that God preserved, they contribute to the unfolding account of God's faithfulness to His covenant people.