The Bronze Altar, also known as the Altar of Burnt Offering, holds significant importance in the worship practices of ancient Israel as described in the Old Testament. It was a central feature of the Tabernacle, serving as the primary location for sacrifices and offerings to God. The instructions for its construction are detailed in the Book of Exodus, specifically in Exodus 27:1-8 and Exodus 38:1-7.

Design and Specifications

According to Exodus 27:1-2 , the altar was to be made of acacia wood, a durable and resilient material, and overlaid with bronze. The dimensions specified were five cubits long and five cubits wide, making it square, and three cubits high. The altar was to have horns on its four corners, which were to be of one piece with the altar itself and also overlaid with bronze. These horns were significant in the sacrificial rituals, symbolizing strength and salvation.

The altar was equipped with various utensils, including pots for removing ashes, shovels, basins, forks, and firepans, all made of bronze (Exodus 27:3). A bronze grating, a network of bronze, was to be placed under the ledge of the altar, extending halfway up the altar (Exodus 27:4-5).

Transport and Mobility

Given the nomadic nature of the Israelites during their wilderness journey, the altar was designed for mobility. It featured poles made of acacia wood overlaid with bronze, which were inserted into rings on the sides of the altar for carrying (Exodus 27:6-7). This design allowed the altar to be transported as the Israelites moved from place to place.

Symbolism and Function

The Bronze Altar was the site where burnt offerings and sacrifices were made, serving as a tangible representation of atonement and reconciliation with God. It was the place where the Israelites could offer sacrifices for sin, thanksgiving, and fellowship, as outlined in Levitical law. The continual fire on the altar, as commanded in Leviticus 6:12-13, symbolized the perpetual worship and dedication to God.

Craftsmanship

The construction of the Bronze Altar was overseen by Bezalel, a skilled craftsman filled with the Spirit of God, as described in Exodus 31:1-5. Bezalel, along with Oholiab and other skilled artisans, was responsible for crafting the various elements of the Tabernacle, including the altar, according to the divine specifications given to Moses on Mount Sinai.

Historical and Theological Significance

The Bronze Altar not only served a practical function in the sacrificial system but also held deep theological significance. It foreshadowed the ultimate sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who, according to Christian belief, fulfilled the sacrificial system through His death on the cross. The altar's role in the atonement process highlights the seriousness of sin and the necessity of a mediator between God and humanity.

In summary, the construction of the Bronze Altar was a divinely ordained task, integral to the worship and sacrificial practices of ancient Israel. Its design, materials, and function were meticulously detailed in Scripture, reflecting its importance in the covenant relationship between God and His people.