Numbers 26:33

Now Zelophehad son of Hepher had no sons but only daughters. The names of his daughters were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah.

Study Bible

Zelophehad son of Hepher
The name "Zelophehad" is of Hebrew origin, meaning "protection from terror" or "firstborn." This name is significant as it reflects the cultural importance of lineage and inheritance in ancient Israel. Zelophehad's lineage is traced back to Hepher, indicating the importance of family heritage and tribal affiliation in the Israelite community. The mention of his father, Hepher, situates Zelophehad within the tribe of Manasseh, one of the tribes descended from Joseph, which underscores the continuity of God's promises to the patriarchs.

had no sons
In the ancient Near Eastern context, having no sons was a significant issue, as sons were typically the heirs of their father's estate and carried on the family name. This phrase highlights the potential crisis for Zelophehad's family, as the absence of male heirs could lead to the loss of their inheritance within the tribe. This situation sets the stage for the later legal and theological developments regarding inheritance rights for daughters, which is a pivotal moment in the narrative of Israel's journey to the Promised Land.

only daughters
The emphasis on "only daughters" is crucial, as it introduces a unique situation in the biblical narrative. In a patriarchal society, the presence of only daughters in a family challenges the traditional inheritance laws. This phrase foreshadows the forthcoming legal case that Zelophehad's daughters will bring before Moses, which will result in a significant change in the inheritance laws of Israel, demonstrating God's justice and provision for all members of the community, regardless of gender.

the names of the daughters of Zelophehad
Naming in the Bible often carries deep significance, reflecting character, destiny, or divine intervention. The mention of the daughters by name underscores their importance in the narrative and God's recognition of their plight. Each name carries its own meaning and significance, contributing to the understanding of their role in the biblical story.

Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah
These names are not only personal identifiers but also serve as a testament to the faith and courage of these women. Mahlah means "sickness" or "disease," perhaps indicating a struggle or challenge. Noah, meaning "motion" or "rest," suggests a dynamic or peaceful nature. Hoglah, meaning "partridge," could symbolize beauty or grace. Milcah, meaning "queen" or "counsel," implies leadership or wisdom. Tirzah, meaning "delight" or "pleasure," evokes joy and favor. Together, these names reflect a tapestry of qualities that these women embody, and their collective action will lead to a landmark decision in Israel's legal system, ensuring justice and equity in the distribution of inheritance. This narrative highlights God's inclusive care for His people and the importance of faith-driven advocacy for justice.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Zelophehad
A member of the tribe of Manasseh, son of Hepher. He had no sons, which was significant in the context of inheritance laws in ancient Israel.

2. Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah
The five daughters of Zelophehad. Their mention is significant as they later petition Moses for the right to inherit their father's land, challenging the traditional inheritance laws.

3. Tribe of Manasseh
One of the twelve tribes of Israel, descended from Joseph's son Manasseh. The tribe's inheritance and lineage are part of the broader account of the Israelites' journey and settlement in the Promised Land.

Teaching Points

Courage to Challenge Injustice
Zelophehad's daughters exemplify the courage to stand up for what is right, even when it goes against societal norms. Believers are encouraged to seek justice and fairness in their communities.

God's Provision and Justice
The account illustrates God's concern for justice and provision for all His people, regardless of gender. It reminds us that God sees and cares for the marginalized.

The Role of Women in God's Plan
This account highlights the significant role women can play in God's unfolding plan, encouraging believers to recognize and support the contributions of women in the church and society.

Faith in Action
The daughters' faith in God's promises led them to take action. Believers are encouraged to trust in God's promises and act in faith, even when the outcome is uncertain.

Bible Study Questions

1. What does the account of Zelophehad's daughters teach us about God's view of justice and equality?

2. How can we apply the courage of Zelophehad's daughters in our own lives when facing unjust situations?

3. In what ways does the account of Zelophehad's daughters challenge traditional views of inheritance and gender roles?

4. How does the resolution of this account in Numbers 27:1-11 and Joshua 17:3-6 demonstrate God's faithfulness to His people?

5. How can the principles seen in this account be applied to modern issues of gender equality and justice within the church and society?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Numbers 27:1-11
This passage details the petition of Zelophehad's daughters to Moses, requesting the right to inherit their father's land. It highlights their courage and the subsequent change in inheritance laws.

Joshua 17:3-6
This passage confirms the fulfillment of the daughters' request, as they receive their inheritance among their father's brothers, demonstrating God's justice and provision.

Galatians 3:28
This New Testament verse speaks to the equality of all believers in Christ, echoing the theme of breaking traditional barriers seen in the account of Zelophehad's daughters.