Matthew 9:36

When He saw the crowds, He was moved with compassion for them, because they were harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd.

Study Bible

When He saw the crowds
This phrase sets the scene for Jesus' interaction with the people. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδεν" (eiden), which implies not just a physical seeing but a deeper perception and understanding. Jesus' ability to see beyond the surface reflects His divine insight into the human condition. The "crowds" represent the masses of people who followed Jesus, seeking healing and teaching. Historically, these crowds were often composed of the marginalized and oppressed, those who were overlooked by the religious elite of the time.

He was moved with compassion
The Greek word for "compassion" is "σπλαγχνίζομαι" (splanchnizomai), which literally refers to being moved in one's inward parts or bowels, considered the seat of emotions in ancient times. This word indicates a deep, visceral response, showing that Jesus' compassion was not superficial but profound and heartfelt. In a conservative Christian perspective, this compassion is a reflection of God's love and mercy, demonstrating that Jesus, as God incarnate, is deeply concerned with the suffering and needs of humanity.

for them
This phrase personalizes Jesus' compassion, directing it specifically towards the people. It emphasizes the individual care and attention Jesus gives to each person. In the broader scriptural context, this reflects the personal nature of God's love, as seen throughout the Bible, where God knows and cares for each person individually.

because they were harassed and helpless
The Greek words "ἐσκυλμένοι" (eskulmenoi) and "ἐρριμμένοι" (errimmenoi) are used here. "Harassed" (eskulmenoi) can also mean troubled or distressed, suggesting that the people were burdened by life's challenges and the oppressive religious and social systems of the time. "Helpless" (errimmenoi) implies being thrown down or cast aside, indicating a lack of guidance and support. This description paints a picture of a people in desperate need of care and direction, highlighting the failure of the religious leaders to shepherd their flock properly.

like sheep without a shepherd
This simile draws on the rich biblical imagery of sheep and shepherds, common in both the Old and New Testaments. Sheep are often seen as vulnerable and in need of guidance, and a shepherd is one who provides protection, guidance, and care. The absence of a shepherd suggests a lack of leadership and care, pointing to the spiritual neglect by the religious leaders of Israel. In a conservative Christian view, Jesus is the Good Shepherd, fulfilling the prophetic promises of the Old Testament, such as in Ezekiel 34, where God promises to shepherd His people Himself. This imagery underscores Jesus' role as the divine shepherd who comes to lead, protect, and care for His flock.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Jesus Christ
The central figure in this passage, Jesus is depicted as compassionate and caring, observing the needs of the people around Him.

2. The Crowds
These are the people who followed Jesus, seeking healing, teaching, and guidance. They are described as "harassed and helpless."

3. Sheep without a Shepherd
This metaphor describes the spiritual and physical state of the crowds, indicating their need for guidance and care.

Teaching Points

Compassion as a Core Christian Value
Jesus' response to the crowds was one of compassion. As followers of Christ, we are called to emulate His compassion in our interactions with others.

Recognizing Spiritual Needs
Just as Jesus saw the spiritual and physical needs of the crowds, Christians are encouraged to be attentive to the needs of those around them, offering support and guidance.

The Role of a Shepherd
The metaphor of sheep without a shepherd highlights the importance of spiritual leadership. Christians are called to guide and support one another in their faith journeys.

The Urgency of the Gospel
The harassed and helpless state of the crowds underscores the urgency of sharing the Gospel message, providing hope and direction to those who are lost.

Dependence on Christ
As the Good Shepherd, Jesus is the ultimate source of guidance and care. Believers are encouraged to rely on Him for direction and support in their lives.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jesus' compassion for the crowds in Matthew 9:36 challenge your own response to the needs of others?

2. In what ways can you act as a shepherd to those in your community who are "harassed and helpless"?

3. How does the metaphor of "sheep without a shepherd" help you understand the spiritual condition of those who do not know Christ?

4. What practical steps can you take to ensure that you are attentive to the spiritual and physical needs of those around you?

5. How do the connections to Psalm 23 and John 10 deepen your understanding of Jesus as the Good Shepherd?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Psalm 23
This Psalm describes the Lord as a shepherd, providing guidance, protection, and care, which parallels the need for a shepherd in Matthew 9:36.

Ezekiel 34
This chapter speaks of God’s promise to shepherd His people, contrasting with the failure of earthly shepherds, similar to the condition of the crowds in Matthew 9:36.

John 10:11-14
Jesus identifies Himself as the Good Shepherd, who lays down His life for the sheep, directly addressing the need highlighted in Matthew 9:36.