Mark 7:22
greed, wickedness, deceit, debauchery, envy, slander, arrogance, and foolishness.
Greed
The Greek word used here is "pleonexia," which denotes an insatiable desire for more, often at the expense of others. In a biblical context, greed is seen as idolatry (Colossians 3:5), where material possessions or wealth take precedence over God. Historically, greed has been a root cause of societal decay, as it leads individuals away from community and towards self-centeredness. The Bible consistently warns against the dangers of greed, urging believers to find contentment in God's provision.

Wickedness
The term "ponēria" in Greek refers to a state of moral corruption and evil intent. Wickedness is not just about actions but also the condition of the heart. In the scriptural narrative, wickedness is often contrasted with righteousness, highlighting the battle between good and evil. The Bible calls believers to shun wickedness and pursue holiness, reflecting God's character in their lives.

Deceit
The Greek word "dolos" implies cunning and treachery. Deceit is a distortion of truth, often used to manipulate or harm others. In the biblical context, deceit is condemned as it breaks trust and undermines relationships. Jesus, who is the Truth (John 14:6), calls His followers to live in honesty and integrity, reflecting His nature in a world often marred by deception.

Debauchery
"Aselgeia" in Greek refers to unrestrained indulgence in sensual pleasures. This term encompasses behaviors that are morally and ethically corrupt. In the historical context of the Roman Empire, debauchery was rampant, often associated with pagan rituals and excess. The Bible warns against such lifestyles, urging believers to live in self-control and purity, honoring God with their bodies (1 Corinthians 6:19-20).

Envy
The Greek word "phthonos" describes a feeling of discontent or covetousness towards another's possessions or success. Envy is destructive, leading to bitterness and strife. Scripturally, envy is seen as contrary to love, which rejoices in the well-being of others (1 Corinthians 13:4). Believers are encouraged to cultivate gratitude and contentment, recognizing that every good gift comes from God (James 1:17).

Slander
"Blasphemia" in Greek, often translated as slander, involves speaking falsely or maliciously about someone. Slander damages reputations and relationships, and is strongly condemned in Scripture. The Bible calls for speech that edifies and builds up others (Ephesians 4:29), reflecting the love and truth of Christ in all interactions.

Arrogance
The term "hyperēphania" in Greek signifies an attitude of superiority and pride. Arrogance is a sin that elevates self above others and even above God. Historically, arrogance has led to the downfall of individuals and nations, as pride goes before destruction (Proverbs 16:18). The Bible teaches humility, exemplified by Christ, who humbled Himself for our sake (Philippians 2:5-8).

Foolishness
"Aphrosynē" in Greek refers to a lack of understanding or wisdom. In the biblical sense, foolishness is not merely intellectual deficiency but a moral failing, often associated with rejecting God's wisdom. The Scriptures contrast the fool with the wise, urging believers to seek wisdom from God, who gives generously to all who ask (James 1:5). Foolishness leads to destructive paths, while wisdom leads to life and peace.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Jesus Christ
The central figure in the Gospel of Mark, who is teaching about what truly defiles a person.

2. Pharisees and Scribes
Religious leaders who questioned Jesus about His disciples not following traditional ceremonial washings.

3. Disciples
Followers of Jesus who are being taught about the nature of true defilement.

4. Crowd
The people who were present and listening to Jesus' teaching.

5. Gennesaret
The region where Jesus and His disciples were when this teaching took place.
Teaching Points
The Source of Defilement
Jesus teaches that defilement comes from within, from the heart, not from external factors. This challenges us to examine our inner thoughts and motivations.

The Nature of Sin
The sins listed in Mark 7:22 are diverse, covering attitudes, speech, and actions. This reminds us that sin can manifest in various aspects of our lives.

Guarding the Heart
Proverbs 4:23 advises us to guard our hearts, as it is the wellspring of life. We must be vigilant in monitoring what influences our hearts and minds.

Repentance and Transformation
Recognizing these sins in our lives should lead us to repentance and seeking transformation through the Holy Spirit.

Community Accountability
Engaging in a community of believers can help us stay accountable and encourage one another to live righteously.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does understanding the source of defilement as internal rather than external change the way you approach personal holiness?

2. In what ways can you actively guard your heart against the sins listed in Mark 7:22?

3. How do the sins mentioned in Mark 7:22 manifest in today's society, and how can Christians respond to them?

4. What role does repentance play in addressing the sins that come from the heart, and how can you incorporate this into your daily walk with Christ?

5. How can you use the support of your Christian community to overcome the challenges of these sins in your life?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Matthew 15:19
This passage parallels Mark 7:22, listing similar sins that come from the heart, emphasizing the internal source of defilement.

Galatians 5:19-21
Paul lists the works of the flesh, which include many of the same sins, contrasting them with the fruit of the Spirit.

James 3:14-16
James discusses the destructive nature of envy and selfish ambition, which aligns with the sins listed in Mark 7:22.

Proverbs 6:16-19
This passage lists things the Lord hates, including a lying tongue and a heart that devises wicked schemes, echoing the deceit and wickedness mentioned in Mark 7:22.

Romans 1:29-31
Paul describes the sinful nature of humanity, listing sins similar to those in Mark 7:22, highlighting the need for redemption through Christ.
Exposure of Pharisaism: its Errors and EvilsJ.J. Given Mark 7:1-23
Externalism Versus RighteousnessA.F. Muir Mark 7:1-23
The Ritual and the Reality of PurificationE. Johnson Mark 7:1-23
The Tradition of Men in Competition with the Commandments of GodR. Green Mark 7:1-23
The Real and the Imaginary DefilementR. Green Mark 7:14-23
An Evil HeartBaptist Messenger.Mark 7:17-23
Covetousness -- its SpiritDean Ramsay.Mark 7:17-23
Covetousness Exchanges True Riches for the FalseT. Adams.Mark 7:17-23
Covetousness Manifested in Insufficient ExpenditureGeorge Herbert.Mark 7:17-23
Covetousness Mental GluttonyChamfort.Mark 7:17-23
Covetousness Pines in PlentyT. Adams.Mark 7:17-23
Cure for Evil ThoughtsDr. John Owen.Mark 7:17-23
Degradation of the CovetousDr. Jeffers.Mark 7:17-23
Delusion of the CovetousAnon.Mark 7:17-23
Evil Passions When Restrained Only by CustomC. H. Spurgeon.Mark 7:17-23
Evil Thoughts not to be HarbouredSwinnock.Mark 7:17-23
Evil Thoughts not TriflesC. H. Spurgeon.Mark 7:17-23
Good Thoughts StrangersDr. John Owen.Mark 7:17-23
Human Depravity Seen in the Thoughts of ManH. Bushnell, D. D.Mark 7:17-23
Importance of Keeping the Mind Well EmployedScriver.Mark 7:17-23
Natural Corruption of the HeartGoodwin.Mark 7:17-23
No Heart Free from SinBaily.Mark 7:17-23
Petrifying Influence of Evil ThoughtsAmerican National PreacherMark 7:17-23
PrideMark 7:17-23
Sinfulness of Evil ThoughtsSwinnock.Mark 7:17-23
Source of Evil ThoughtsM. F. Sadler, M. A.Mark 7:17-23
Spiritual DefilementExpository OutlinesMark 7:17-23
The Folly of PrideW. Gurnall.Mark 7:17-23
The Heart a Storehouse of EvilC. H. Spurgeon.Mark 7:17-23
The Heart Determines the LifeSwinnock.Mark 7:17-23
The Heart its Own LaboratoryGeorge Dana Boardman, D. D.Mark 7:17-23
The Test of PurityMark 7:17-23
The True Source of DefilementExpository Discourses.Mark 7:17-23
Things from WithinSpencer.Mark 7:17-23
Thoughts Usually Indicate CharacterJ. Owes.Mark 7:17-23
People
Esaias, Isaiah, Jesus
Places
Decapolis, Galilee, Jerusalem, Sea of Galilee, Sidon, Tyre
Topics
Acts, Angry, Arrogance, Blasphemy, Broken, Coveting, Covetings, Covetous, Covetousness, Deceit, Deeds, Desire, Desires, Envy, Evil, Eye, Faith, Flesh, Folly, Foolish, Foolishness, Goods, Haughtiness, Husband, Injurious, Language, Lasciviousness, Lewdness, Licentiousness, Lustful, Malice, Pride, Railing, Reckless, Reviling, Sensuality, Sins, Slander, Speaking, Taking, Thefts, Wealth, Wicked, Wickedness, Wickednesses, Wife, Wrongdoing
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Mark 7:1-23

     7342   cleanliness
     8720   double-mindedness

Mark 7:14-23

     5547   speech, power of
     7340   clean and unclean

Mark 7:17-23

     5438   parables

Mark 7:18-23

     7422   ritual

Mark 7:20-23

     5016   heart, fallen and redeemed
     7478   washing

Mark 7:21-22

     5038   mind, the human
     5793   arrogance
     5870   greed, condemnation
     6022   sin, causes of
     6146   deceit, and God
     8244   ethics, and grace
     8735   evil, origins of
     8767   hypocrisy

Mark 7:21-23

     5866   gluttony
     5951   slander
     6135   coveting, and sin
     6188   immorality, sexual
     8733   envy
     8751   false witness
     8773   jealousy

Mark 7:22-23

     8803   pride, evil of

Library
The Pattern of Service
'He touched his tongue; and looking up to heaven, He sighed, and saith Ephphatha, that is, Be opened.'--Mark vii 33, 34. For what reason was there this unwonted slowness in Christ's healing works? For what reason was there this unusual emotion ere He spoke the word which cleansed? As to the former question, a partial answer may perhaps be that our Lord is here on half-heathen ground, where aids to faith were much needed, and His power had to be veiled that it might be beheld. Hence the miracle is
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

Children and Little Dogs
'And from thence He arose, and went into the borders of Tyre and Sidon, and entered Into an house, and would have no man know it: but He could not be hid. 25. For a certain woman, whose young daughter had an unclean spirit, heard of Him, and came and fell at His feet: 26. The woman was a Greek, a Syrophenician by nation; and she besought Him that He would cast forth the devil out of her daughter. 87. But Jesus said unto her, Let the children first be filled: for it is not meet to take the children's
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Influence of Tradition.
"Making the word of God of none effect through your traditions: and many such like things ye do."--ST. MARK vii. 13. Such was our Lord's word to the Pharisees; and if we turn to our own life it is difficult if not impossible for us fully to estimate the influence which traditions exercise upon it. They are so woven into the web of thought and opinion, and daily habits and practices, that none of us can claim to escape them. Moreover, as any institution or society grows older, this influence of the
John Percival—Sermons at Rugby

Second Sermon for the Twelfth Sunday after Trinity
(From the Gospel for the day) This sermon tells us how a man who truly loves God, whose ears have been opened to receive the sevenfold gifts of the Holy Spirit, is neither lifted up in joy nor cast down in sorrow. Mark vii. 37.--"He hath done all things well: He maketh both the deaf to hear and the dumb to speak." WE read in the Gospel for this day, that as our blessed Lord was going from one place to another, they brought unto Him a man who was born deaf and dumb; as must needs be; for he who is
Susannah Winkworth—The History and Life of the Reverend Doctor John Tauler

Deaf Ears and Stammering Tongues.
(Twelfth Sunday after Trinity.) S. MARK vii. 37. "He hath done all things well. He maketh both the deaf to hear, and the dumb to speak." Such was the verdict of the people who saw one of our Lord's miracles. How far more strongly may we say the same, having seen the work of Christ in the life of the Church at large, and in each of our individual souls! We cannot look on the world of nature without echoing the words of the text. No thoughtful man can mark the spring-time coming to the woods and
H. J. Wilmot-Buxton—The Life of Duty, a Year's Plain Sermons, v. 2

Perfection to be Sought.
12th Sunday after Trinity. S. Mark vii., 37. "He hath done all things well." INTRODUCTION.--It was said by an old heathen writer that God cares for Adverbs rather than for Substantives. That is to say, God had rather have things done well, than that the things should be merely done. He had rather have you pray earnestly than pray, communicate piously than merely communicate, forgive your enemies heartily than say you forgive, work diligently than spend so many hours at work, do your duty thoroughly
S. Baring-Gould—The Village Pulpit, Volume II. Trinity to Advent

The Sighs of Christ
(Twelfth Sunday after Trinity.) Mark vii. 34, 35. And looking up to heaven, he sighed, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened. And straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain. Why did the Lord Jesus look up to heaven? And why, too, did he sigh? He looked up to heaven, we may believe, because he looked to God the Father; to God, of whom the glorious collect tells us, that he is more ready to hear than we to pray, and is wont to give more
Charles Kingsley—Town and Country Sermons

The Deaf and Dumb.
ST MARK VII. 32-37. And they bring unto Jesus one that was deaf, and had an impediment in his speech; and they beseech Him to put His hand upon him. And He took him aside from the multitude, and put His fingers into his ears, and He spit, and touched his tongue; and looking up to heaven, He sighed, and said, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened. And straightway his ears were opened, and the string of his tongue was loosed, and he spake plain. . . . And they were beyond measure astonished, saying, He hath
Charles Kingsley—Westminster Sermons

Things which Defile
"And He called to Him the multitude again, and said unto them, Hear Me all of you, and understand: there is nothing from without the man, that going into him can defile him: but the things which proceed out of the man are those that defile the man. And when He was entered into the house from the multitude, His disciples asked of Him the parable. And He saith unto them, Are ye so without understanding also? Perceive ye not, that whatsoever from without goeth into the man, it cannot defile him; because
G. A. Chadwick—The Gospel of St. Mark

The Children and the Dogs
"And from thence He arose, and went away into the borders of Tyre and Sidon. And He entered into a house, and would have no man know it; and He could not be hid. But straightway a woman, whose little daughter had an unclean spirit, having heard of Him, came and fell down at His feet. Now the woman was a Greek, a Syrophoenician by race. And she besought Him that He would cast forth the devil out of her daughter. And He said unto her, Let the children first be filled: for it is not meet to take the
G. A. Chadwick—The Gospel of St. Mark

The Deaf and Dumb Man
"And again He went out from the borders of Tyre, and came through Sidon unto the sea of Galilee, through the midst of the borders of Decapolis. And they bring unto Him one that was deaf, and had an impediment in his speech; and they beseech Him to lay His hand upon him. And He took him aside from the multitude privately, and put His fingers into his ears, and He spat, and touched his tongue; and looking up to heaven, He sighed, and saith unto him, Ephphatha, that is, Be opened. And his ears were
G. A. Chadwick—The Gospel of St. Mark

The Law.
ITS NATURE AND EFFECTS. THE law is the chief and most pure resemblance of the justice and holiness of the heavenly Majesty, and doth hold forth to all men the sharpness and keenness of his wrath. This is the rule and line and plummet whereby every act of every man shall be measured; and he whose righteousness is not found every way answerable to this law, which all will fall short of but they that have the righteousness of God by faith in Jesus Christ, he must perish. The law is spiritual, I am carnal.
John Bunyan—The Riches of Bunyan

Protesting Our Innocence?
We have all become so used to condemning the proud self-righteous attitude of the Pharisee in the parable of the Pharisee and the Publican,[footnote1:Luke 18:9-14] that we can hardly believe that the picture of him there is meant to apply to us--which only shows how much like him we really are. The Sunday School teacher was never so much a Pharisee, as when she finished her lesson on this parable with the words, "And now, children, we can thank God that we are not as this Pharisee!" In particular
Roy Hession and Revel Hession—The Calvary Road

Second Withdrawal from Herod's Territory.
^A Matt. XV. 21; ^B Mark VII. 24. ^b 24 And from thence ^a Jesus ^b arose, and went ^a out ^b away ^a and withdrew into the parts { ^b borders} of Tyre and Sidon. [The journey here is indicated in marked terms because it differs from any previously recorded, for it was the first time that Jesus ever entered a foreign or heathen country. Some commentators contend from the use of the word "borders" by Mark that Jesus did not cross over the boundary, but the point is not well taken, for Mark vii. 31
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Another Avoiding of Herod's Territory.
^A Matt. XV. 29; ^B Mark VII. 31. ^b 31 And ^a Jesus ^b again went out. ^a And departed thence, ^b from the borders of Tyre, and came through Sidon, ^a and came nigh unto the sea of Galilee; ^b through the midst of the borders of Decapolis. ^a and he went up into a mountain, and sat down there. [From Tyre Jesus proceeded northward to Sidon and thence eastward across the mountains and the headwaters of the Jordan to the neighborhood of Damascus. Here he turned southward and approached the Sea of Galilee
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Jesus Fails to Attend the Third Passover.
Scribes Reproach Him for Disregarding Tradition. (Galilee, Probably Capernaum, Spring a.d. 29.) ^A Matt. XV. 1-20; ^B Mark VII. 1-23; ^D John VII. 1. ^d 1 And after these things Jesus walked in Galilee: for he would not walk in Judæa, because the Jews sought to kill him. [John told us in his last chapter that the passover was near at hand. He here makes a general statement which shows that Jesus did not attend this passover. The reason for his absence is given at John v. 18.] ^a 1 Then there
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

Healing a Phoenician Woman's Daughter.
(Region of Tyre and Sidon.) ^A Matt. XV. 22-28; ^B Mark VII. 24-30. ^b And he entered into a house, and would have no man know it [Jesus sought concealment for the purposes noted in the last section. He also, no doubt, desired an opportunity to impact private instruction to the twelve]; and he could not be hid. [The fame of Jesus had spread far and wide, and he and his disciples were too well known to escape the notice of any who had seen them or heard them described.] 25 But { ^a 22 And} behold,
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The Deaf Stammerer Healed and Four Thousand Fed.
^A Matt. XV. 30-39; ^B Mark VII. 32-VIII. 9. ^b 32 And they bring unto him one that was deaf, and had an impediment in his speech [The man had evidently learned to speak before he lost his hearing. Some think that defective hearing had caused the impediment in his speech, but verse 35 suggests that he was tongue-tied]; and they beseech him to put his hand upon him. 33 And he took him aside from the multitude privately, and put his fingers into his ears, and he spat, and touched his tongue [He separated
J. W. McGarvey—The Four-Fold Gospel

The Cavils of the Pharisees Concerning Purification, and the Teaching of the Lord Concerning Purity - the Traditions Concerning Hand-Washing' and Vows. '
As we follow the narrative, confirmatory evidence of what had preceded springs up at almost every step. It is quite in accordance with the abrupt departure of Jesus from Capernaum, and its motives, that when, so far from finding rest and privacy at Bethsaida (east of the Jordan), a greater multitude than ever had there gathered around Him, which would fain have proclaimed Him King, He resolved on immediate return to the western shore, with the view of seeking a quieter retreat, even though it were
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Jesus and the Syro-Phoenician Woman
THE purpose of Christ to withdraw His disciples from the excitement of Galilee, and from what might follow the execution of the Baptist, had been interrupted by the events at Bethsaida-Julias, but it was not changed. On the contrary, it must have been intensified. That wild, popular outburst, which had almost forced upon Him a Jewish Messiah-Kingship; the discussion with the Jerusalem Scribes about the washing of hands on the following day; the Discourses of the Sabbath, and the spreading disaffection,
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

A Group of Miracles among a Semi-Heathen Population
If even the brief stay of Jesus in that friendly Jewish home by the borders of Tyre could not remain unknown, the fame of the healing of the Syro-Phoenician maiden would soon have rendered impossible that privacy and retirement, which had been the chief object of His leaving Capernaum. Accordingly, when the two Paschal days were ended, He resumed His journey, extending it far beyond any previously undertaken, perhaps beyond what had been originally intended. The borders of Palestine proper, though
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

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