Luke 5:30

But the Pharisees and their scribes complained to Jesus' disciples, "Why do you eat and drink with tax collectors and sinners?"

Study Bible

But the Pharisees and their scribes
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in Judaism during the time of Jesus, known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses and the oral traditions. The term "Pharisees" comes from the Hebrew root "parash," meaning "to separate," indicating their commitment to living a life set apart from what they considered impure. The scribes were experts in the Law, often associated with the Pharisees, responsible for copying and interpreting the Scriptures. Historically, these groups held significant influence over Jewish religious life and were often seen as the gatekeepers of religious orthodoxy. Their presence in this verse highlights the tension between Jesus' ministry and the established religious order.

grumbled
The Greek word used here is "γογγύζω" (gongyzō), which conveys a sense of murmuring or complaining in a low tone. This word is often used in the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old Testament, to describe the Israelites' complaints against God during their wilderness journey. The use of this term suggests a deep-seated dissatisfaction and resistance to Jesus' actions, reflecting a hardened heart and a reluctance to accept the new covenant He was introducing.

at His disciples
The disciples were the followers of Jesus, chosen to learn from Him and carry on His teachings. In this context, they were seen as representatives of Jesus' ministry. The Pharisees' grumbling directed at the disciples indicates their disapproval not only of the disciples' actions but also of Jesus' teachings and the new way of life He was advocating. This highlights the growing opposition Jesus faced from the religious leaders of His time.

'Why do you eat and drink
Eating and drinking in the ancient Near Eastern culture were acts of fellowship and acceptance. Sharing a meal was a sign of friendship and social acceptance. The Pharisees' question reveals their shock and disapproval of Jesus' willingness to associate with those they deemed unworthy. In their view, eating and drinking with sinners was a violation of the purity laws and a compromise of religious integrity.

with tax collectors and sinners?'
Tax collectors were despised in Jewish society because they worked for the Roman occupiers and were often seen as traitors and extortionists. "Sinners" refers to those who did not adhere to the Pharisaic interpretation of the Law, often marginalized and ostracized by the religious elite. Jesus' association with these groups was revolutionary, demonstrating His mission to seek and save the lost, as He later states in Luke 19:10. This phrase underscores the radical inclusivity of Jesus' ministry, challenging the societal norms and religious exclusivity of His time. It serves as a powerful reminder of the grace and mercy extended to all, regardless of social or moral standing.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Pharisees
A religious group in Judaism known for strict adherence to the Law and traditions. They often clashed with Jesus over interpretations of the Law and issues of purity.

2. Scribes
Experts in the Jewish Law, often associated with the Pharisees. They were responsible for teaching and interpreting the Scriptures.

3. Jesus' Disciples
Followers of Jesus who were learning from His teachings and witnessing His ministry. They were often questioned or criticized by religious leaders.

4. Tax Collectors
Considered traitors and sinners by the Jewish people because they collected taxes for the Roman occupiers and often extorted money.

5. Sinners
A term used by the Pharisees to describe those who did not follow the Law as strictly as they did, often including those marginalized by society.

Teaching Points

Understanding Jesus' Mission
Jesus came to seek and save the lost, which includes everyone, as all have sinned. His association with tax collectors and sinners exemplifies His mission to reach those who are spiritually sick.

Challenge of Legalism
The Pharisees' focus on ritual purity and separation from sinners highlights the danger of legalism, which can blind us to the heart of God's love and mercy.

Embrace of Grace
Jesus' actions demonstrate the importance of grace over judgment. We are called to extend grace to others, recognizing that we are all in need of God's mercy.

Community and Fellowship
Jesus' willingness to eat with sinners shows the importance of community and fellowship in ministry. We are encouraged to build relationships with those outside our comfort zones.

Reflection on Self-Righteousness
The Pharisees' attitude serves as a warning against self-righteousness. We must examine our own hearts to ensure we are not placing ourselves above others.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Jesus' interaction with tax collectors and sinners challenge our understanding of who is worthy of God's love and attention?

2. In what ways might we be guilty of the same kind of judgmental attitudes as the Pharisees and scribes? How can we overcome this?

3. How can we apply Jesus' example of grace and fellowship in our own communities and relationships today?

4. What are some practical steps we can take to ensure we are living out the mission of reaching the lost, as Jesus did?

5. How do other scriptures, such as Romans 3:23, reinforce the message of Luke 5:30 about the universality of sin and the need for Jesus' redemptive work?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Matthew 9:10-13
This passage parallels Luke 5:30, where Jesus explains His mission to call sinners, not the righteous, to repentance.

Mark 2:15-17
Another parallel account emphasizing Jesus' outreach to those considered outcasts by society.

Luke 15:1-2
The Pharisees and scribes again criticize Jesus for associating with sinners, leading to the parables of the lost sheep, coin, and son.

Romans 3:23
Highlights the universality of sin, underscoring the need for Jesus' ministry to all people, not just the "righteous."