Definition and Nature:
Self-righteousness is a state of being convinced of one's own righteousness, often accompanied by a sense of moral superiority over others. It is characterized by an overestimation of one's own virtues and a critical view of others' shortcomings. In the biblical context, self-righteousness is often associated with hypocrisy and a lack of genuine humility before God.

Biblical Examples:
The Bible provides several examples of self-righteousness, most notably in the behavior of the Pharisees during the time of Jesus. The Pharisees were known for their strict adherence to the law and their outward displays of piety. However, Jesus frequently rebuked them for their self-righteous attitudes. In Matthew 23:27-28 , Jesus says, "Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You are like whitewashed tombs, which look beautiful on the outside but on the inside are full of dead men’s bones and every kind of impurity. In the same way, on the outside you appear to be righteous, but on the inside you are full of hypocrisy and wickedness."

Teachings of Jesus:
Jesus taught that true righteousness comes from a humble and contrite heart, not from outward appearances or self-congratulatory behavior. In the parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector (Luke 18:9-14), Jesus contrasts the self-righteous Pharisee, who boasts of his own virtues, with the humble tax collector, who acknowledges his sinfulness and seeks God's mercy. Jesus concludes, "I tell you, this man, rather than the other, went home justified before God. For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, but the one who humbles himself will be exalted."

Pauline Epistles:
The Apostle Paul also addresses the issue of self-righteousness, particularly in his letters to the Romans and the Galatians. In Romans 10:3 , Paul writes, "Since they did not know the righteousness of God and sought to establish their own, they did not submit to God’s righteousness." Paul emphasizes that righteousness comes through faith in Jesus Christ, not through the works of the law or human effort (Galatians 2:16).

Old Testament Insights:
The Old Testament also warns against self-righteousness. In Isaiah 64:6 , the prophet declares, "All of us have become like one who is unclean, and all our righteous acts are like filthy rags; we all shrivel up like a leaf, and like the wind, our sins sweep us away." This passage underscores the futility of relying on one's own righteousness apart from God's grace.

Spiritual Implications:
Self-righteousness can lead to spiritual blindness, preventing individuals from recognizing their need for God's grace and forgiveness. It fosters a judgmental attitude and can create barriers between individuals and God, as well as between individuals and their communities. The Bible calls believers to examine their hearts and to seek a righteousness that is rooted in faith and humility.

Practical Reflections:
Believers are encouraged to reflect on their own attitudes and behaviors, asking God to reveal any areas of self-righteousness. Prayer, confession, and a commitment to living out the teachings of Christ can help cultivate a spirit of humility and dependence on God's righteousness. As James 4:6 reminds us, "But He gives us more grace. This is why it says: 'God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble.'"