Leviticus 20:20

If a man lies with his uncle's wife, he has uncovered the nakedness of his uncle. They will bear their sin; they shall die childless.

Study Bible

If a man lies
The phrase "lies" in this context is a euphemism for sexual relations. The Hebrew root word used here is "שָׁכַב" (shakab), which often implies a consensual act of intimacy. This term is used throughout the Old Testament to describe illicit sexual relations, emphasizing the gravity of the sin in the eyes of God. The act is not merely physical but represents a breach of divine law and order.

with his uncle’s wife
This phrase highlights the specific nature of the prohibited relationship. The Hebrew culture, deeply rooted in family and tribal connections, viewed such an act as a violation of familial boundaries and respect. The uncle's wife is considered part of the extended family, and thus, this act is seen as an affront to the family unit and its sanctity.

he has uncovered his uncle’s nakedness
The term "uncovered" comes from the Hebrew "גָּלָה" (galah), meaning to reveal or expose. In Levitical law, "nakedness" is a metaphor for sexual relations, and uncovering it implies a deep violation of personal and familial privacy. This phrase underscores the shame and dishonor brought upon the family, reflecting the cultural and religious importance of maintaining purity and respect within family lines.

They will bear their sin
The phrase "bear their sin" indicates personal responsibility and accountability for one's actions. In Hebrew, "נָשָׂא" (nasa) means to carry or bear, suggesting that the individuals involved must carry the weight and consequences of their transgression. This reflects the biblical principle that sin has inherent consequences, both spiritually and communally.

they will die childless
This phrase serves as both a literal and symbolic punishment. In ancient Israelite society, having children was seen as a blessing and a means of continuing one's legacy. The Hebrew word "עֲרִירִי" (ariri) means childless or barren. This consequence underscores the severity of the sin, as it not only affects the individuals but also their potential lineage, cutting off their family line as a divine judgment for their actions.

Persons / Places / Events

1. The Israelites
The original audience of the Levitical laws, called to be a holy nation set apart for God.

2. Moses
The prophet and leader through whom God delivered the laws to the Israelites.

3. The Uncle and His Wife
The specific individuals involved in the prohibited relationship, representing a breach of family and societal boundaries.

4. The Promised Land
The context in which these laws were to be observed, as the Israelites prepared to enter and inhabit it.

5. God’s Covenant
The overarching agreement between God and Israel, which included laws for maintaining holiness and purity.

Teaching Points

Holiness and Separation
God calls His people to live distinctively, reflecting His holiness in their relationships and actions.

The Seriousness of Sin
The consequences outlined in Leviticus 20:20 underscore the gravity of sin and its impact on individuals and the community.

Family Integrity
Maintaining the sanctity of family relationships is crucial for societal stability and reflects God’s design for human relationships.

Consequences of Disobedience
The warning of being "childless" serves as a reminder that sin has tangible consequences, affecting future generations.

Repentance and Restoration
While the Old Testament law prescribes severe penalties, the New Testament offers hope for forgiveness and restoration through Christ.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the command in Leviticus 20:20 reflect God’s desire for holiness among His people?

2. In what ways can the principles found in Leviticus 20:20 be applied to modern-day relationships and family dynamics?

3. How do the consequences of sin described in Leviticus 20:20 compare to the New Testament teachings on sin and grace?

4. What steps can we take to uphold the sanctity of marriage and family in our own lives and communities?

5. How can understanding the cultural and historical context of Leviticus enhance our interpretation and application of its teachings today?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 18:6-18
This passage outlines various unlawful sexual relations, providing a broader context for understanding the specific prohibition in Leviticus 20:20.

Deuteronomy 27:20
Reinforces the curse associated with violating family boundaries, emphasizing the seriousness of such sins.

1 Corinthians 5:1-5
Paul addresses a case of sexual immorality in the Corinthian church, showing the continuity of concern for sexual purity in the New Testament.

Hebrews 13:4
Highlights the sanctity of marriage and the importance of sexual purity, aligning with the principles found in Leviticus.