Leviticus 20:19

You must not have sexual relations with the sister of your mother or your father, for it is exposing one's own kin; both shall bear their iniquity.

Study Bible

You must not have sexual relations
This phrase is a direct command from God, emphasizing the sanctity and purity expected in the sexual conduct of His people. The Hebrew root for "sexual relations" is "שָׁכַב" (shakab), which means to lie down, often used euphemistically for sexual intercourse. This command reflects God's desire for His people to live in holiness, setting them apart from the surrounding nations whose practices often included incestuous relationships.

with the sister of your mother or your father
The specific mention of "the sister of your mother or your father" highlights the close familial bonds that are to be respected and preserved. In ancient Israelite society, family was the cornerstone of community and religious life. The Hebrew word for "sister" is "אָחוֹת" (achot), which signifies a close kinship. This prohibition underscores the importance of maintaining the integrity and honor of family relationships, which are foundational to a stable and godly society.

for it would dishonor a close relative
The term "dishonor" in Hebrew is "עֶרְוָה" (ervah), which can also mean nakedness or shame. This reflects the cultural and religious understanding that such actions bring shame not only to the individuals involved but also to the family and community. The concept of honor and shame was central in ancient Near Eastern cultures, and maintaining family honor was crucial for social standing and spiritual purity.

both would bear their iniquity
The phrase "bear their iniquity" indicates the personal responsibility and consequences of sin. The Hebrew word for "iniquity" is "עָוֹן" (avon), which implies guilt or punishment for wrongdoing. This serves as a sobering reminder that God's laws are not arbitrary but are designed to protect His people from the destructive consequences of sin. It also points to the justice of God, who holds individuals accountable for their actions, ensuring that sin does not go unpunished.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Leviticus, who received the laws from God to instruct the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, to whom the laws in Leviticus were given as part of their covenant relationship with Him.

3. Canaan
The land where the Israelites were headed, which was inhabited by people whose practices God wanted the Israelites to avoid.

4. God
The divine lawgiver who establishes moral and ceremonial laws for His people.

5. Family Relations
The focus of this verse is on maintaining the sanctity and respect within family relationships.

Teaching Points

Sanctity of Family
The family unit is sacred, and maintaining its purity is crucial for societal stability and spiritual health.

Respect for God's Law
God's laws are designed to protect us and promote holiness. We must respect and adhere to them, even when cultural norms differ.

Consequences of Sin
The verse highlights that sin carries consequences, both spiritually and relationally. Understanding this helps us make wise choices.

Holiness in Relationships
Our relationships should reflect God's holiness. This includes setting boundaries that honor God and others.

Cultural Distinction
As believers, we are called to live distinctively from the world, upholding God's standards in all areas of life.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Leviticus 20:19 reflect God's concern for the sanctity of family relationships?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of maintaining purity in our relationships today?

3. How does the prohibition in this verse relate to the broader context of Leviticus 18 and the call to holiness?

4. What are some modern cultural practices that might conflict with the principles found in Leviticus 20:19, and how should Christians respond?

5. How can understanding the consequences of sin, as outlined in this verse, influence our daily decision-making and relationship-building?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Leviticus 18:6-18
This passage provides a broader context for the laws regarding sexual relations and the importance of maintaining family purity.

1 Corinthians 5:1-2
Paul addresses a case of sexual immorality in the Corinthian church, emphasizing the need for purity within the Christian community.

Deuteronomy 27:22
This verse reiterates the prohibition against sexual relations with close relatives, underscoring the consistency of God's moral law.