Leviticus 20:21

If a man marries his brother's wife, it is an act of impurity. He has uncovered the nakedness of his brother; they shall be childless.

Study Bible

If a man marries his brother’s wife
This phrase addresses a specific familial relationship that was considered sacred and inviolable in ancient Israelite society. The Hebrew word for "marries" here is "laqach," which can also mean "to take" or "to seize," indicating a formal and binding union. The prohibition against marrying a brother's wife, except in the case of levirate marriage (Deuteronomy 25:5-10), underscores the importance of maintaining family integrity and lineage. Historically, this law served to protect family structures and ensure that property and inheritance remained within the family line.

it is an act of impurity
The term "impurity" is translated from the Hebrew word "niddah," which often refers to ceremonial uncleanness. In this context, it signifies a moral and spiritual defilement. The act is not merely a breach of social etiquette but a violation of divine order. This impurity disrupts the sanctity of familial relationships, which were foundational to the covenant community of Israel. The emphasis on purity reflects God's holiness and the call for His people to be set apart.

He has dishonored his brother
The Hebrew word for "dishonored" is "galah," which can mean "to uncover" or "to expose." This phrase implies a deep violation of trust and respect within the family. By marrying his brother's wife, the man not only disrespects his brother's memory but also disrupts the familial bond. In the ancient Near Eastern context, family honor was paramount, and such an act would bring shame not only to the individuals involved but to the entire family unit.

They will be childless
This phrase serves as both a consequence and a divine judgment. The Hebrew word "ariri" is used here, which can mean "barren" or "deprived of children." In the cultural and historical context of ancient Israel, having children was seen as a blessing and a sign of God's favor. To be childless was often viewed as a curse or a sign of divine disapproval. This consequence underscores the seriousness of the offense and serves as a deterrent to others who might consider similar actions. It reflects the biblical principle that sin has tangible consequences, affecting not only the individual but also their legacy and future generations.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Moses
The author of Leviticus, who received the laws from God to instruct the Israelites.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God, to whom the laws in Leviticus were given as part of their covenant relationship with Him.

3. Canaan
The land where the Israelites were headed, which had practices that God wanted them to avoid, including those related to marriage and family.

4. Brother's Wife
The specific relationship mentioned in this verse, highlighting the importance of family integrity and purity.

5. God
The ultimate lawgiver, whose holiness and standards are reflected in the laws given to the Israelites.

Teaching Points

Understanding God's Holiness
God's laws reflect His holy nature and His desire for His people to be set apart from the surrounding nations.

The Importance of Family Integrity
The prohibition against marrying a brother's wife underscores the value God places on family relationships and the need to honor them.

Consequences of Disobedience
The warning of childlessness serves as a reminder that disobedience to God's commands can lead to serious consequences.

Contextual Application
While the specific law may not apply directly today, the principle of maintaining purity and honoring family relationships remains relevant.

Respecting God's Design for Marriage
This passage encourages believers to respect and uphold God's design for marriage as a sacred covenant.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does understanding the cultural and historical context of Leviticus 20:21 help us apply its principles today?

2. In what ways does the prohibition in Leviticus 20:21 reflect God's concern for family integrity and purity?

3. How can we reconcile the law in Leviticus 20:21 with the practice of levirate marriage described in Deuteronomy 25:5-10?

4. What are some modern-day applications of the principle of honoring family relationships as seen in Leviticus 20:21?

5. How can the church today address issues of sexual immorality and uphold the sanctity of marriage in light of passages like Leviticus 20:21 and 1 Corinthians 5:1-2?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Deuteronomy 25:5-10
Discusses the practice of levirate marriage, which is an exception to the rule in Leviticus 20:21, showing the importance of context and purpose in God's laws.

Matthew 22:23-33
Jesus addresses the Sadducees' question about marriage at the resurrection, which indirectly touches on the complexities of marriage laws.

1 Corinthians 5:1-2
Paul addresses sexual immorality in the church, emphasizing the need for purity and discipline within the Christian community.

Genesis 38:6-10
The account of Judah and Tamar, which involves levirate marriage and highlights the consequences of failing to fulfill familial duties.