Leviticus 11:46
This is the law regarding animals, birds, all living creatures that move in the water, and all creatures that crawl along the ground.
This is the law regarding animals,

Leviticus 11:1–45 establishes Israel’s distinctions between clean and unclean creatures. These commands ordered ordinary life around the holiness of the Lord, teaching Israel to distinguish what was permitted from what was forbidden. The categories of clean and unclean animals were known before Sinai, as Noah was commanded to preserve clean animals separately for sacrifice (Genesis 7:2; 8:20).

Deu 14:4-8 These are the animals that you may eat: The ox, the sheep…
Lev 20:25-26 You are therefore to distinguish between clean and unclean…
Gen 7:2-3 You are to take with you seven pairs of every kind…

birds,

The prohibited birds listed earlier in the chapter include birds of prey and carrion-eaters. Israel was not to eat what God had designated unclean, even when surrounding peoples regarded such animals as food. Obedience in daily meals reminded the nation that belonging to the Lord shaped every part of life.

Deu 14:11-18 You may eat any clean bird,…
Lev 1:14-17 If, instead, one’s offering to the LORD is a burnt offering…
Gen 8:20 Then Noah built an altar to the LORD…

all living creatures that move in the water,

Aquatic creatures were clean only if they had fins and scales (Leviticus 11:9–12). Shellfish and other water creatures outside this pattern were excluded. The command gave Israel a clear and visible standard rather than leaving purity to personal preference or the customs of neighboring nations.

Deu 14:9-10 Of all the creatures that live in the water,…
Gen 1:20-21 And God said, “Let the waters teem with living creatures,…
Psa 104:25-26 Here is the sea, vast and wide, teeming with creatures…

and all creatures that crawl along the ground.

Most swarming and ground-dwelling creatures were unclean, though certain locusts were permitted (Leviticus 11:20–23). The chapter closes by gathering animals, birds, water creatures, and crawling things under one law of holiness. Israel was to “be holy” because the Lord was holy (Leviticus 11:44–45).

Gen 7:8-9 The clean and unclean animals, the birds, and…
Gen 7:21-23 And every living thing that moved upon the earth…
Gen 1:24-25 And God said, “Let the earth bring forth living creatures”…

Persons / Places / Events
1. Moses
The prophet and leader of the Israelites who received the laws from God, including dietary laws.

2. Israelites
The chosen people of God to whom these laws were given as part of their covenant relationship with Him.

3. Mount Sinai
The place where Moses received the laws from God, including the dietary laws outlined in Leviticus.

4. Clean and Unclean Animals
Categories of animals defined by God to guide the Israelites in their dietary practices.

5. The Wilderness
The setting where the Israelites received these laws during their journey from Egypt to the Promised Land.
Teaching Points
Understanding God's Holiness
The dietary laws were given to set the Israelites apart as a holy nation. They remind us of God's holiness and our call to live distinct lives.

Obedience and Trust
Following God's commands, even when they seem difficult or unclear, is an act of trust and obedience. This principle applies to all areas of our lives.

Symbolism of Purity
The distinction between clean and unclean animals symbolizes the importance of spiritual purity and separation from sin.

Christ's Fulfillment of the Law
Jesus fulfilled the law, including dietary restrictions, allowing us to focus on the heart's condition rather than external observance.

Community and Consideration
While we have freedom in Christ, we should be considerate of others' convictions and seek unity within the body of Christ.
Bible Study Questions
1. How do the dietary laws in Leviticus 11:46 reflect God's desire for His people to be set apart?

2. In what ways can we apply the principle of holiness in our daily lives, beyond dietary restrictions?

3. How does the New Testament teaching on food and purity (e.g., Acts 10, Mark 7) influence our understanding of Leviticus 11:46?

4. What are some modern-day "clean" and "unclean" practices that Christians might encounter, and how should we approach them?

5. How can we balance our freedom in Christ with the responsibility to love and respect the convictions of others in our community?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Genesis 1:24-25
This passage describes God's creation of animals, establishing His authority over all living creatures, which is foundational to understanding the dietary laws.

Acts 10:9-16
Peter's vision of clean and unclean animals, which signifies the removal of dietary restrictions for Christians, showing the fulfillment of the law in Christ.

Mark 7:18-19
Jesus declares all foods clean, indicating a shift from the Old Testament dietary laws to a focus on spiritual purity.

Romans 14:14-20
Paul discusses the freedom Christians have regarding food, emphasizing love and consideration for others over strict adherence to dietary laws.
HolinessS.R. Aldridge Leviticus 11:1-47
The Religious Use of NatureR.M. Edgar Leviticus 11:1-47
Answers to Objections Respecting These RegulationsS. H. Kellogg, D. D.Leviticus 11:2-47
Apologetic Value of This LawS. H. Kellogg, D. D.Leviticus 11:2-47
Bodily HolinessS. H. Kellogg, D. D.Leviticus 11:2-47
Clean and Unclean AnimalsS. H. Kellogg, D. D.Leviticus 11:2-47
Clean and Unclean FishA. A. Bonar.Leviticus 11:2-47
Clean and Unclean InsectsA. A. Bonar.Leviticus 11:2-47
Distinguishing the Precious from the VileW. H. Jellie.Leviticus 11:2-47
LessonsA. Willet, D. D.Leviticus 11:2-47
Lessons from the FowlsA. A. Bonar.Leviticus 11:2-47
Minute EnactmentsJ. Cumming, D. D.Leviticus 11:2-47
The Bat as a TypeA. F. Forrest.Leviticus 11:2-47
The Clean and the UncleanSpurgeon, Charles HaddonLeviticus 11:2-47
The Clean and the UncleanC. H. Mackintosh.Leviticus 11:2-47
The Clean and UncleanJ. A. Seiss, D. D.Leviticus 11:2-47
The Coney UncleanSpurgeon, Charles HaddonLeviticus 11:2-47
The Eagle as a TypeA. F. Forrest.Leviticus 11:2-47
The Hare UncleanSpurgeon, Charles HaddonLeviticus 11:2-47
The Kite as a TypeA. F. Forrest.Leviticus 11:2-47
The Osprey as a TypeA. F. Forrest.Leviticus 11:2-47
The Owl as a TypeA. F. Forrest.Leviticus 11:2-47
The Raven as a TypeA. F. Forrest.Leviticus 11:2-47
The Right Use of ThingsJ. Parker, D. D.Leviticus 11:2-47
The Vulture as a TypeA. F. Forrest.Leviticus 11:2-47
Types of ManhoodA. Willet, D. D.Leviticus 11:2-47
Clean and Unclean - a Lesson on SinW. Clarkson Leviticus 11:4-47
Clean and Unclean - Three Side TruthsW. Clarkson Leviticus 11:4-47
Unclean, Creeping, and Dead ThingsJ.A. Macdonald Leviticus 11:26-47
Clean and Unclean - the Abolition of the LawW. Clarkson Leviticus 11:46, 47
People
Aaron, Hen, Moses, Shaphan
Places
Egypt, Teman
Topics
Animal, Animals, Beast, Beasts, Bird, Birds, Cattle, Crawleth, Creature, Creepeth, Creeps, Flat, Fowl, Goes, Ground, Law, Moves, Moveth, Moving, Pertaining, Regarding, Regulations, Soul, Swarmeth, Swarms, Teeming, Waters
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Leviticus 11:1-47

     4438   eating
     5773   abstinence, discipline
     7525   exclusiveness

Leviticus 11:44-47

     7422   ritual

Leviticus 11:46-47

     8269   holiness, separation from worldly
     8325   purity, nature of

Library
Eleventh Day. The Holy one of Israel.
I am the Lord that brought you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God; ye shall therefore be holy, for I am holy. I the Lord which make you holy, am holy.'--Lev. xi. 45, xxi. 8. 'I am the Lord Thy God, the Holy One of Israel, Thy Saviour. Thus saith the Lord, your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel: I am the Lord, your Holy One, the Creator of Israel, your King.'--Isa. xliii. 3, 14, 15. In the book of Exodus we found God making provision for the Holiness of His people. In the holy
Andrew Murray—Holy in Christ

The Clean and the Unclean
I. It is our firm belief that these distinctions of meats were laid down on purpose TO KEEP THE JEWS AS A DISTINCT PEOPLE, and that herein they might be a type of the people of God, who are also, throughout all ages, to be a distinct and separate people--not of the world, even as Christ was not of the world. You that are conversant with the old Levitical rule, well know that it was quite impossible for the Hebrews to mix with any other nation, without violating the statutes they were commanded to
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 9: 1863

Sanctification is a Mystery.
"Let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of. God." --2 Cor. vii. 1. Sanctification belongs to the mysteries of faith; hence it can not be confessed but as a dogma. By this statement we intend to cut off at once every representation which makes "sanctification" to consist of the human effort to make oneself holy or holier. To become more holy is undoubtedly the duty which rests upon every man. God has condemned all unholiness, as an accursed
Abraham Kuyper—The Work of the Holy Spirit

Fifth Day. Holiness and Redemption.
Sanctify unto me all the first-born.'--Ex. xiii. 2. 'All the first-born are mine; for on the day I smote all the first-born in the land of Egypt I sanctified unto me all the first-born in Israel: mine they shall be: I am the Lord.'--Num. iii. 13, viii. 17. 'For I am the Lord your God that bringeth you up out of the land of Egypt to be your God: ye shall therefore be holy, for I am holy.'--Lev. xi. 45. 'I have redeemed thee; thou art mine.'--Isa. xliii. 1. At Horeb we saw how the
Andrew Murray—Holy in Christ

A Book for Boys and Girls Or, Temporal Things Spritualized.
by John Bunyan, Licensed and entered according to order. London: Printed for, and sold by, R. Tookey, at his Printing House in St. Christopher's Court, in Threadneedle Street, behind the Royal Exchange, 1701. Advertisement by the Editor. Some degree of mystery hangs over these Divine Emblems for children, and many years' diligent researches have not enabled me completely to solve it. That they were written by Bunyan, there cannot be the slightest doubt. 'Manner and matter, too, are all his own.'[1]
John Bunyan—The Works of John Bunyan Volumes 1-3

List of Abbreviations Used in Reference to Rabbinic Writings Quoted in this Work.
THE Mishnah is always quoted according to Tractate, Chapter (Pereq) and Paragraph (Mishnah), the Chapter being marked in Roman, the paragraph in ordinary Numerals. Thus Ber. ii. 4 means the Mishnic Tractate Berakhoth, second Chapter, fourth Paragraph. The Jerusalem Talmud is distinguished by the abbreviation Jer. before the name of the Tractate. Thus, Jer. Ber. is the Jer. Gemara, or Talmud, of the Tractate Berakhoth. The edition, from which quotations are made, is that commonly used, Krotoschin,
Alfred Edersheim—The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah

Thirtieth Lesson. An Holy Priesthood;'
An holy priesthood;' Or, The Ministry of Intercession. An holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.'--I Peter ii. 5. Ye shall be named the Priests of the Lord.'--Isaiah lxi. 6. THE Spirit of the Lord God is upon me: because the Lord hath anointed me.' These are the words of Jesus in Isaiah. As the fruit of His work all redeemed ones are priests, fellow-partakers with Him of His anointing with the Spirit as High Priest. Like the precious ointment upon
Andrew Murray—With Christ in the School of Prayer

The Destruction of Jerusalem
[Illustration: (drop cap G) Ruins of a Synagogue] God had given to His people a Book foretelling the coming of the Christ--or Messiah, as the word is written in Hebrew--so that they might be prepared and ready for His appearance. Yet when He came they did not receive Him. They were looking for an earthly king, and the beautiful words spoken by the ancient prophets had no meaning to them. When Jesus Christ was born in Bethlehem, the Jews were under the iron rule of the Roman Empire, of which they
Mildred Duff—The Bible in its Making

Leviticus
The emphasis which modern criticism has very properly laid on the prophetic books and the prophetic element generally in the Old Testament, has had the effect of somewhat diverting popular attention from the priestly contributions to the literature and religion of Israel. From this neglect Leviticus has suffered most. Yet for many reasons it is worthy of close attention; it is the deliberate expression of the priestly mind of Israel at its best, and it thus forms a welcome foil to the unattractive
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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