Joshua 12:23

the king of Dor in Naphath-dor, one; the king of Goiim in Gilgal, one;

Study Bible

the king of Dor
The term "king" in this context refers to a local ruler or leader of a city-state, which was common in the ancient Near East. "Dor" was a significant Canaanite city located on the Mediterranean coast. Archaeological evidence suggests that Dor was a fortified city with a strategic location for trade and military purposes. The Hebrew root for "Dor" (דּוֹר) can mean "generation" or "habitation," indicating its long-standing establishment and importance in the region. The mention of the "king of Dor" highlights the comprehensive nature of Israel's conquest under Joshua, as even well-established and fortified cities were subdued.

in Naphath-dor
"Naphath-dor" refers to the region surrounding the city of Dor. The Hebrew word "Naphath" (נָפַת) can mean "height" or "elevation," suggesting that this area was elevated or strategically positioned. This geographical detail underscores the significance of the conquest, as controlling elevated regions often provided military advantages. Historically, this area was known for its fertile land and access to maritime routes, making it a valuable asset for any ruling power.

one
The use of "one" here is part of a list enumerating the defeated kings. It emphasizes the completeness and thoroughness of Joshua's campaign. Each "one" signifies a distinct victory, contributing to the overall success of Israel's conquest of Canaan. This enumeration serves as a testament to God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to Israel, as each victory was a step towards the realization of the Promised Land.

the king of Goiim
"Goiim" is a Hebrew term (גּוֹיִם) meaning "nations" or "peoples." In this context, it likely refers to a coalition of different groups or a confederation of tribes. The mention of a "king of Goiim" suggests a leader who had authority over a diverse group, which could have posed a significant challenge to Israel. This victory demonstrates the unifying power of God's guidance, as Israel was able to overcome not just individual city-states but also larger, more complex alliances.

in Gilgal
"Gilgal" is a location of great significance in the biblical narrative. It was the first campsite of the Israelites after crossing the Jordan River and served as a base for their operations in Canaan. The Hebrew root (גִּלְגָּל) can mean "circle" or "rolling," possibly referring to the circular arrangement of stones set up as a memorial by Joshua (Joshua 4:20). Gilgal symbolizes new beginnings and the rolling away of the past, as it was here that the Israelites renewed their covenant with God through circumcision and celebrated the Passover. The mention of "Gilgal" in this verse ties the military victories back to the spiritual foundation and divine mandate that guided Israel's actions.

one
Again, the repetition of "one" serves to underscore the methodical and divinely orchestrated nature of the conquest. Each "one" is a reminder of God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His promises. It reflects the orderly and purposeful manner in which God led Israel to victory, ensuring that no enemy, regardless of their strength or number, could stand against His chosen people. This enumeration is a call to remember and celebrate God's faithfulness and the miraculous achievements made possible through His power.

Persons / Places / Events

1. King of Dor
Dor was a significant Canaanite city located near the Mediterranean coast. The king of Dor was one of the many rulers defeated by Joshua as the Israelites took possession of the Promised Land.

2. Naphath-dor
This refers to the region surrounding the city of Dor. It was known for its strategic location and fertile lands.

3. King of Goiim
The term "Goiim" often refers to nations or peoples. In this context, it likely refers to a coalition of different groups or a specific people group in the region of Gilgal.

4. Gilgal
A location of great significance in Israel's history, Gilgal was the first campsite of the Israelites after crossing the Jordan River. It served as a base for their military operations in Canaan.

5. Joshua's Conquests
This verse is part of a larger passage listing the kings defeated by Joshua, highlighting the fulfillment of God's promise to give the Israelites the land of Canaan.

Teaching Points

God's Faithfulness in Fulfillment of Promises
The listing of defeated kings, including those of Dor and Goiim, underscores God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises to Israel. Believers can trust in God's promises in their own lives.

The Importance of Obedience and Perseverance
Joshua's conquests required obedience and perseverance. Christians are called to remain faithful and diligent in their spiritual battles.

The Consequences of Incomplete Obedience
The continued presence of Canaanites in some areas, like Dor, serves as a warning about the dangers of incomplete obedience to God's commands.

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
The defeat of various kings and peoples illustrates God's sovereignty over all nations, reminding believers of His ultimate authority and control.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the defeat of the king of Dor demonstrate God's faithfulness to His promises to Israel? Reflect on a promise from God that you have seen fulfilled in your life.

2. What can we learn from Joshua's leadership and obedience in the conquest of Canaan that applies to our spiritual journey today?

3. In what ways does the presence of Canaanites in Dor after the initial conquest serve as a warning for us in our walk with God?

4. How does the concept of "Goiim" or nations in this passage relate to the Great Commission given by Jesus in the New Testament?

5. Reflect on a situation where you have experienced God's sovereignty in your life. How does acknowledging His control impact your daily decisions and faith?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Joshua 11:1-2
Provides context for the battles against the northern kings, including the king of Dor, showing the broader campaign led by Joshua.

Judges 1:27
Mentions the continued presence of Canaanites in Dor, indicating the incomplete conquest and the challenges Israel faced in fully possessing the land.

Genesis 10:5
The term "Goiim" is used to describe nations, connecting to the broader biblical theme of God's sovereignty over all peoples.