John 19:29
A jar of sour wine was sitting there. So they soaked a sponge in the wine, put it on a stalk of hyssop, and lifted it to His mouth.
A jar of sour wine was sitting there
This phrase sets the scene for a poignant moment in the crucifixion narrative. The "jar of sour wine" refers to a common drink of the Roman soldiers, known as "posca," which was a cheap, vinegary wine mixed with water. This detail highlights the humility and suffering of Christ, who, in His final moments, was offered a drink associated with the lower classes and soldiers. The Greek word for "sour wine" is "oxos," which underscores the bitterness of the moment, both literally and metaphorically. Historically, this act fulfills the prophecy found in Psalm 69:21, "They gave me vinegar for my thirst," demonstrating the meticulous fulfillment of Scripture in the life and death of Jesus.

So they soaked a sponge in the wine
The act of soaking a sponge in the wine is significant. Sponges were commonly used in the ancient world for various purposes, including cleaning and as a tool for applying liquids. The use of a sponge here is practical, allowing the soldiers to offer the drink to Jesus without removing Him from the cross. This action reflects the Roman practice of offering a form of crude relief to those being crucified, albeit in a manner that was more mocking than merciful. The Greek word "baptō," meaning to dip or immerse, is used here, symbolizing the immersion of Christ into the depths of human suffering.

put it on a stalk of hyssop
The mention of "hyssop" is rich with symbolic meaning. Hyssop is a plant associated with purification and sacrifice in the Old Testament. It was used during the Passover to apply the blood of the lamb to the doorposts (Exodus 12:22), symbolizing deliverance and protection. In this context, the use of hyssop connects Jesus' sacrifice to the Passover lamb, emphasizing His role as the ultimate sacrifice for sin. The Greek word "hyssōpos" is used, which directly links this moment to the themes of cleansing and redemption found throughout Scripture.

and lifted it to His mouth
The act of lifting the sponge to Jesus' mouth is both practical and symbolic. It fulfills Jesus' statement in John 19:28, "I am thirsty," highlighting His humanity and the physical agony of crucifixion. This moment also serves as a fulfillment of prophecy and a demonstration of Jesus' obedience to the Father's will, even in suffering. The Greek word "pherō," meaning to carry or bring, is used here, indicating the deliberate action of offering the drink to Jesus. This act, though seemingly small, is a profound reminder of the humility and love of Christ, who endured such suffering for the sake of humanity.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Jesus Christ
The central figure of the passage, who is being crucified. His request for a drink fulfills Scripture and demonstrates His humanity.

2. Roman Soldiers
Likely the ones who offered the sour wine to Jesus. They were responsible for carrying out the crucifixion.

3. Sour Wine
A common drink for Roman soldiers, often used to quench thirst. It symbolizes the fulfillment of prophecy and the bitterness of Jesus' suffering.

4. Hyssop
A plant used to lift the sponge to Jesus' mouth. It has Old Testament significance, particularly in purification rituals.

5. Golgotha
The place of the crucifixion, also known as "The Place of the Skull."
Teaching Points
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Jesus' acceptance of the sour wine fulfills Old Testament prophecies, demonstrating the reliability and divine inspiration of Scripture.

Symbolism of Hyssop
The use of hyssop connects Jesus' sacrifice to the Passover, emphasizing His role as the ultimate sacrificial Lamb who takes away the sins of the world.

Humanity of Christ
Jesus' thirst highlights His true humanity, reminding us that He fully experienced human suffering and need.

Suffering and Obedience
Jesus' willingness to endure suffering and fulfill Scripture teaches us about obedience to God's will, even in difficult circumstances.

Spiritual Thirst
Just as Jesus experienced physical thirst, we are reminded of our spiritual thirst and the need for the living water that only Christ can provide.
Bible Study Questions
1. How does the fulfillment of prophecy in John 19:29 strengthen your faith in the reliability of Scripture?

2. In what ways does the use of hyssop in this passage connect to the Old Testament, and what does it teach us about Jesus' role as the Lamb of God?

3. How does Jesus' expression of physical thirst on the cross help you understand His humanity and His ability to empathize with our struggles?

4. What can we learn from Jesus' obedience to God's will, even in the midst of suffering, and how can we apply this to our own lives?

5. Reflect on your own spiritual thirst. How can you seek to be filled with the living water that Jesus offers, and what steps can you take to deepen your relationship with Him?
Connections to Other Scriptures
Psalm 69:21
This verse prophesies that Jesus would be given vinegar to drink, connecting the Old Testament prophecy to its New Testament fulfillment.

Exodus 12:22
Hyssop is used during the Passover to apply the blood of the lamb, symbolizing purification and protection, which connects to Jesus as the Lamb of God.

Matthew 27:34
This verse describes an earlier offer of wine mixed with gall, which Jesus refused, contrasting with His acceptance of the sour wine in John 19:29.
A Word from the CrossAbp. Trench.John 19:28-29
The Fifth Word from the CrossW. Forsyth, M. A.John 19:28-29
The Shortest of the Seven CriesC. H. Spurgeon.John 19:28-29
The Thirst of ChristThirty Thousand Thoughts., Archdeacon WatkinsJohn 19:28-29
People
Cleopas, Cleophas, Jesus, Joseph, Mary, Nicodemus, Pilate
Places
Arimathea, Gabbatha, Golgotha, Jerusalem, Nazareth, The Place of the Skull, The Stone Pavement
Topics
Bitter, Bowl, Branch, Filled, Full, Held, Hyssop, Jar, Lifted, Lips, Mouth, Placed, Plant, Putting, Ready, Round, Soaked, Sour, Sponge, Spunge, Stalk, Standing, Stick, Stood, Vessel, Vinegar, Wine
Dictionary of Bible Themes
John 19:29

     4402   plants
     5164   lips

John 19:25-30

     2525   Christ, cross of

John 19:26-35

     2412   cross, accounts of

John 19:28-29

     4544   wine

John 19:28-30

     4470   hyssop
     5338   holiday

John 19:28-33

     9311   resurrection, of Christ

Library
February 20 Morning
He shall see of the travail of his soul and shall be satisfied.--ISA. 53:11. Jesus . . . said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.--He hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him. This people have I formed for myself; they shall shew forth my praise.--To the intent that now unto the principalities and powers in heavenly places might be known by the church the manifold wisdom of God, according to the eternal purpose
Anonymous—Daily Light on the Daily Path

August 4 Morning
It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.--JOHN 19:30. Jesus the author and finisher of our faith.--I have glorified thee on the earth: I have finished the work which thou gavest me to do.--We are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. And every priest standeth daily ministering an offering oftentimes the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins: but this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right
Anonymous—Daily Light on the Daily Path

October 18 Morning
One of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water.--JOHN 19:34. Behold the blood of the covenant, which the Lord hath made with you.--The life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls.--It is not possible that the blood of bulls and of goats should take away sins. Jesus said unto them, This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many.--By his own blood he entered in once into
Anonymous—Daily Light on the Daily Path

February 17 Morning
The whole bullock shall he carry forth without the camp unto a clean place, where the ashes are poured out, and burn him on the wood with fire.--LEV. 4:12. They took Jesus, and led him away. And he bearing his cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha: where they crucified him.--The bodies of those beasts, whose blood is brought into the sanctuary by the high priest for sin, are burned without the camp. Wherefore Jesus also, that he might sanctify
Anonymous—Daily Light on the Daily Path

The Title on the Cross
'Pilate wrote a title also, and put it on the cross.' --JOHN xix. 19. This title is recorded by all four Evangelists, in words varying in form but alike in substance. It strikes them all as significant that, meaning only to fling a jeer at his unruly subjects, Pilate should have written it, and proclaimed this Nazarene visionary to be He for whom Israel had longed through weary ages. John's account is the fullest, as indeed his narrative of all Pilate's shufflings is the most complete. He alone records
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: St. John Chaps. XV to XXI

The Irrevocable Past
'What I have written I have written.'--JOHN xix. 22. This was a mere piece of obstinacy. Pilate knew that he had prostituted his office in condemning Jesus, and he revenged himself for weak compliance by ill-timed mulishness. A cool-headed governor would have humoured his difficult subjects in such a trifle, as a just one would have been inflexible in a matter of life and death. But this man's facile yielding and his stiff-necked obstinacy were both misplaced. 'So I will, so I command. Let my will
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: St. John Chaps. XV to XXI

Christ's Finished and Unfinished Work
'Jesus ... said, It is finished.'--JOHN xix. 30. 'He said unto me, It is done.'--REV. xxi. 6. One of these sayings was spoken from the Cross, the other from the Throne. The Speaker of both is the same. In the one, His voice 'then shook the earth,' as the rending rocks testified; in the other, His voice 'will shake not the earth only but also heaven'; for 'new heavens and a new earth' accompanied the proclamation. In the one, like some traveller ready to depart, who casts a final glance over his preparations,
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: St. John Chaps. XV to XXI

Christ Our Passover
'These things were done, that the Scripture should be fulfilled, A bone of Him shall not be broken.'--JOHN xix. 36. The Evangelist, in the words of this text, points to the great Feast of the Passover and to the Paschal Lamb, as finding their highest fulfilment, as he calls it, in Jesus Christ. For this purpose of bringing out the correspondence between the shadow and the substance he avails himself of a singular coincidence concerning a perfectly unimportant matter--viz., the abnormally rapid sinking
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: St. John Chaps. XV to XXI

The Grave in a Garden
'In the garden a new tomb.'--JOHN xix. 41 (R.V.). This is possibly no more than a topographical note introduced merely for the sake of accuracy. But it is quite in John's manner to attach importance to these apparent trifles and to give no express statement that he is doing so. There are several other instances in the Gospel where similar details are given which appear to have had in his eyes a symbolical meaning--e.g. 'And it was night.' There may have been such a thought in his mind, for all men
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: St. John Chaps. XV to XXI

Jesus Sentenced
'Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged Him. And the soldiers platted a crown of thorns, and put it on His head, and they put on Him a purple robe. And said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they smote Him with their hands. Pilate therefore went forth again, and saith unto them, Behold, I bring Him forth to you, that ye may know that I find no fault in Him. Then came Jesus forth, wearing the crown of thorns, and the purple robe. And Pilate saith unto them, Behold the Man! When the chief priests
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: St. John Chaps. XV to XXI

An Eye-Witness's Account of the Crucifixion
'And He bearing His cross went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha: Where they crucified Him, and two other with Him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst. And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS. This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin. Then said the chief priests
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: St. John Chaps. XV to XXI

Joseph and Nicodemus
'And after this Joseph of Arimathea, being a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews, besought Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus; ... And there came also Nicodemus which at the first came to Jesus by night.'--JOHN xix. 38, 39. While Christ lived, these two men had been unfaithful to their convictions; but His death, which terrified and paralysed and scattered His avowed disciples, seems to have shamed and stung them into courage. They came now, when they must have known
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture: St. John Chaps. XV to XXI

The Fifth Word
"I thirst."--JOHN XIX. 28. This is the only utterance of our Blessed Lord in which He gave expression to His physical sufferings. Not least of these was that intolerable thirst which is the invariable result of all serious wounds, as those know well who have ever visited patients in a hospital after they have undergone a surgical operation. In this case it must have been aggravated beyond endurance by exposure to the burning heat of an Eastern sun. This word, then, spoken under such circumstances,
J. H. Beibitz—Gloria Crucis

The Sixth Word
"It is accomplished."--ST. JOHN XIX. 30. 1. What had been accomplished? In the first place, that work which Christ had come into the world to do. All that work may be resumed in a single word, "sacrifice." The Son of God had come for this one purpose, to offer a sacrifice. Here is room for serious misunderstanding. The blood, the pain, the death, were not the sacrifice. Nothing visible was the sacrifice, least of all the physical surroundings of its culminating act. There is only one thing
J. H. Beibitz—Gloria Crucis

The Third Word
"Lady, behold thy son." "Behold thy mother." ST. JOHN XIX. 26, 27. In this Word we see the Son of God revealed as human son, and human friend, all the more truly and genuinely human in both relations, because in each and every relation of life, Divine. 1. The first lesson in the Divine Life for us to learn here is the simple, almost vulgarly commonplace one, yet so greatly needing to be learnt, that "charity," which is but a synonym of the Divine Life, "begins at home." Home life is the real test
J. H. Beibitz—Gloria Crucis

The Last Look at Life,
(Passion Sermon.) TEXT: JOHN xix. 30. "When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, He said, It is finished." THESE greatest and most glorious of the last words -*- of our Saviour on the cross come immediately after those which are apparently of the least significance and importance. The Lord said, "I thirst;" then the moistened sponge was handed to Him; and when He had received the soothing, though not pleasant draught, He cried, "It is finished." And we must not break the connection of these
Friedrich Schleiermacher—Selected Sermons of Schleiermacher

The Shortest of the Seven Cries
As these seven sayings were so faithfully recorded, we do not wonder that they have frequently been the subject of devout meditation. Fathers and confessors, preachers and divines have delighted to dwell upon every syllable of these matchless cries. These solemn sentences have shone like the seven golden candlesticks or the seven stars of the Apocalypse, and have lighted multitudes of men to him who spake them. Thoughtful men have drawn a wealth of meaning from them, and in so doing have arranged
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 24: 1878

The Procession of Sorrow
I. After our Lord Jesus Christ had been formally condemned by Pilate, our text tells us he was led away. I invite your attention to CHRIST AS LED FORTH. Pilate, as we reminded you, scourged our Savior according to the common custom of Roman courts. The lictors executed their cruel office upon his shoulders with their rods and scourges, until the stripes had reached the full number. Jesus is formally condemned to crucifixion, but before he is led away he is given over to the Praetorian guards that
Charles Haddon Spurgeon—Spurgeon's Sermons Volume 9: 1863

Death of Jesus.
Although the real motive for the death of Jesus was entirely religious, his enemies had succeeded, in the judgment-hall, in representing him as guilty of treason against the state; they could not have obtained from the sceptical Pilate a condemnation simply on the ground of heterodoxy. Consistently with this idea, the priests demanded, through the people, the crucifixion of Jesus. This punishment was not Jewish in its origin; if the condemnation of Jesus had been purely Mosaic, he would have been
Ernest Renan—The Life of Jesus

The Third Word from the Cross
In the life of our Lord from first to last there is a strange blending of the majestic and the lowly. When a beam of His divine dignity is allowed to shine out and dazzle us, it is never long before there ensues some incident which reminds us that He is bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh; and, contrariwise, when He does anything which impressively brings home to us His humanity, there always follows something to remind us that He was greater than the sons of men. Thus at His birth He was laid
James Stalker—The Trial and Death of Jesus Christ

Objections to Genuineness.
THE most plausible objection to the genuineness of these writings is thus expressed by Dupin: "Eusebius and Jerome wrote an accurate catalogue of each author known to them--with a few obscure exceptions,--and yet never mention the writings of the Areopagite." Great is the rejoicing in the House of the Anti-Areopagites over this PROOF;--but what are the facts? Eusebius acknowledges that innumerable works have not come to him--Jerome disclaims either to know or to give an accurate catalogue either
Dionysius—LETTERS OF DIONYSIUS THE AREOPAGITE

And at his Crucifixion, when He Asked a Drink...
And at His crucifixion, when He asked a drink, they gave Him to drink vinegar mingled with gall. (Cf. Joh. xix. 29) And this was declared through David. They gave gall to my meat, and in any thirst they gave me vinegar to drink. [262]
Irenæus—The Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching

Inward Confirmation of the Veracity of the Scriptures
We are living in a day when confidence is lacking; when skepticism and agnosticism are becoming more and more prevalent; and when doubt and uncertainty are made the badges of culture and wisdom. Everywhere men are demanding proof. Hypotheses and speculations fail to satisfy: the heart cannot rest content until it is able to say, "I know." The demand of the human mind is for definite knowledge and positive assurance. And God has condescended to meet this need. One thing which distinguishes Christianity
Arthur W. Pink—The Divine Inspiration of the Bible

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