Job 31:10

then may my own wife grind grain for another, and may other men sleep with her.

Study Bible

then may my own wife
In this phrase, Job is expressing a conditional curse upon himself, should he be guilty of the sins he denies. The Hebrew word for "wife" here is "אִשָּׁה" (ishah), which signifies not just a spouse but a partner in covenant. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a wife was integral to the household's honor and stability. Job's invocation of his wife in this self-imposed curse underscores the gravity of his integrity; he is willing to risk the most sacred relationship in his life to affirm his innocence.

grind grain for another
The act of grinding grain was traditionally a task for women in ancient households, symbolizing domestic duty and provision. The Hebrew root "טָחַן" (tahan) means to grind or crush, often associated with servitude or subjugation. Job's use of this imagery suggests a reversal of roles and a loss of status, implying that his wife would be reduced to serving another household if he were guilty. This reflects the cultural understanding of honor and shame, where one's actions could bring disgrace upon the entire family.

and may other men
The phrase "other men" introduces the idea of outsiders or strangers, which in the Hebrew context often carried connotations of threat or dishonor. The presence of "אֲחֵרִים" (acherim) in this context highlights the severity of the curse Job is willing to pronounce upon himself. It underscores the societal norms where the intrusion of other men into one's household was seen as a profound violation and a source of shame.

sleep with her
The Hebrew verb "שָׁכַב" (shakab) means to lie down, often used euphemistically for sexual relations. In the cultural and scriptural context, this phrase indicates a deep breach of marital fidelity and honor. Job's invocation of such a curse is a testament to his confidence in his righteousness. It reflects the biblical principle that marital faithfulness is sacred, and any violation thereof is a serious offense. Job's willingness to invoke such a dire consequence upon himself if found guilty speaks to his unwavering commitment to integrity and righteousness before God and man.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Job
A man described as blameless and upright, who feared God and shunned evil. He is the central figure in the Book of Job, known for his immense suffering and unwavering faith.

2. Job's Wife
Although not named in this verse, she is indirectly referenced. Earlier in the book, she is known for her challenging response to Job's suffering.

3. Other Men
Represents the potential consequence of Job's hypothetical unfaithfulness, highlighting the cultural and personal implications of adultery.

4. The Setting
The Book of Job is set in the land of Uz, a place of ancient wisdom and prosperity, which becomes a backdrop for Job's trials and discourses.

5. The Event
Job is making a solemn declaration of his integrity, using a conditional curse to emphasize his faithfulness and righteousness.

Teaching Points

Integrity in Relationships
Job's declaration highlights the importance of faithfulness in marriage. Believers are called to uphold their commitments and honor their spouses.

The Weight of Words
Job uses a conditional curse to emphasize his sincerity. This teaches us to be mindful of our words and the promises we make.

Consequences of Sin
The hypothetical scenario Job presents serves as a reminder of the serious consequences of sin, particularly in the context of marital fidelity.

Heart Posture
Job's statement reflects a heart committed to righteousness. Believers should strive for purity not just in actions but in thoughts and intentions.

Cultural Context
Understanding the cultural implications of Job's statement helps us appreciate the gravity of his commitment to integrity.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does Job 31:10 reflect Job's understanding of marital fidelity, and what can we learn from his perspective on integrity?

2. In what ways does the cultural context of Job's time influence the severity of the consequences he describes for unfaithfulness?

3. How can we apply the principle of integrity in our own relationships today, both marital and otherwise?

4. What are some modern-day "conditional curses" or promises we might make, and how can we ensure they align with biblical principles?

5. How do the teachings of Jesus in Matthew 5:27-28 expand our understanding of faithfulness, and how can we apply this to our daily lives?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Proverbs 6:32-33
This passage discusses the consequences of adultery, aligning with Job's understanding of the severe repercussions of such sin.

Exodus 20:14
The commandment against adultery underscores the moral foundation that Job is upholding in his declaration.

Matthew 5:27-28
Jesus' teaching on adultery expands the understanding of faithfulness, connecting to Job's heart posture of integrity.