Ezra 2:4
the descendants of Shephatiah, 372;
the descendants of Shephatiah
The phrase "the descendants of Shephatiah" refers to a specific family lineage within the tribe of Judah. The name "Shephatiah" is of Hebrew origin, meaning "Yahweh has judged" or "Yahweh is the judge." This name reflects a deep-seated belief in the justice and sovereignty of God, a theme that runs throughout the Old Testament. The descendants of Shephatiah were among those who returned from the Babylonian exile, a significant event in Jewish history that marked the fulfillment of God's promise to restore His people to their land. This return was not just a physical relocation but a spiritual renewal, as the exiles sought to reestablish their covenant relationship with God. The mention of specific families, like that of Shephatiah, underscores the importance of community and continuity in the Jewish faith, highlighting how each family played a role in the collective identity and mission of God's people.

372
The number "372" indicates the count of individuals from the family of Shephatiah who returned to Jerusalem. Numbers in the Bible often carry symbolic weight, and while this specific number may not have a widely recognized symbolic meaning, it emphasizes the precision and care with which the chronicler recorded the returnees. This meticulous record-keeping reflects the importance of each individual in the eyes of God and the community. Every person counted was a testament to God's faithfulness in preserving His people through the exile and bringing them back to their homeland. The detailed census also served practical purposes, such as organizing the community and ensuring that each family received its rightful inheritance in the land. In a broader sense, this enumeration reminds us of the value of each person in God's redemptive plan, encouraging believers to recognize their unique role and contribution to the body of Christ.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Shephatiah
A name meaning "Yahweh has judged" or "Yahweh is judge." The descendants of Shephatiah were among those who returned from the Babylonian exile to Jerusalem and Judah. This return was part of the larger event of the Jewish exiles coming back to their homeland to rebuild the temple and restore their community.

2. Babylonian Exile
A significant period in Jewish history when the Israelites were taken captive to Babylon. The return from exile, as documented in the book of Ezra, marks a pivotal moment of restoration and renewal for the Jewish people.

3. Return to Jerusalem
The event of the Jewish exiles returning to Jerusalem under the decree of King Cyrus of Persia. This return was not just a physical journey but also a spiritual renewal and a fulfillment of God's promises.
Teaching Points
God's Faithfulness in Restoration
The return of the descendants of Shephatiah is a testament to God's faithfulness in restoring His people. Despite the exile, God preserved a remnant and fulfilled His promise to bring them back to their land.

The Importance of Heritage and Identity
The detailed genealogies in Ezra remind us of the importance of knowing our spiritual heritage and identity. As believers, we are part of a larger account of God's redemptive work throughout history.

Obedience to God's Call
The willingness of the exiles to return and rebuild demonstrates obedience to God's call. In our lives, we are also called to respond to God's leading, even when it requires sacrifice and courage.

Community and Collaboration
The collective effort of the returning exiles highlights the importance of community and working together towards a common goal. In the church, unity and collaboration are essential for fulfilling God's purposes.
Bible Study Questions
1. What does the name "Shephatiah" reveal about the character and role of God in the lives of His people?

2. How does the return from exile in Ezra 2:4 reflect God's promises and faithfulness as seen in other parts of Scripture?

3. In what ways can we draw parallels between the physical return of the exiles and our spiritual journey as believers today?

4. How can understanding our spiritual heritage and identity impact our walk with God and our role in the church?

5. What are some practical ways we can foster unity and collaboration within our church community to achieve God's purposes?
Connections to Other Scriptures
1 Chronicles 9:1-2
This passage provides a genealogical record of those who returned from exile, similar to the list in Ezra. It emphasizes the continuity of God's people and His faithfulness in preserving them through generations.

Nehemiah 7:6-7
Nehemiah also records the return of the exiles, paralleling the account in Ezra. This connection highlights the collaborative efforts in rebuilding Jerusalem and the temple, underscoring the unity and shared purpose among the returning exiles.

Isaiah 44:28
This prophecy speaks of Cyrus as God's shepherd who will fulfill His purpose, including the rebuilding of Jerusalem. It connects to the historical context of Ezra, where Cyrus's decree allows the exiles to return and rebuild.
Spiritual SignificancesW. Clarkson Ezra 2:1-67
Men Forsaking the Worldly LifeJ.S. Exell Ezra 2:1-70
A Suggestive RecordWilliam Jones.Ezra 2:2-64
Religious ServiceWilliam Jones.Ezra 2:2-64
People
Akkub, Ami, Asaph, Asnah, Ater, Baanah, Bakbuk, Barkos, Barzillai, Bazluth, Besai, Bigvai, Bilshan, Darkon, Delaiah, Gahar, Gazzam, Giddel, Habaiah, Hagab, Hagabah, Hakkoz, Hakupha, Hanan, Harhur, Harsha, Hasupha, Hatipha, Hatita, Hattil, Hezekiah, Hodaviah, Immer, Israelites, Jaalah, Jedaiah, Jeshua, Joab, Jorah, Kadmiel, Keros, Koz, Lebanah, Mehida, Mehunim, Meunim, Mizpar, Mordecai, Nebuchadnezzar, Nehemiah, Nekoda, Nephusim, Neziah, Padon, Pahathmoab, Parosh, Paseah, Pashur, Peruda, Phaseah, Pochereth, Reaiah, Reelaiah, Rehum, Rezin, Seraiah, Shallum, Shalmai, Shephatiah, Shobai, Siaha, Sisera, Solomon, Sophereth, Sotai, Tabbaoth, Talmon, Thamah, Tobiah, Tobijah, Uzza, Zaccai, Zattu, Zerubbabel, Ziha
Places
Ai, Anathoth, Azmaveth, Babylon, Babylonia, Beeroth, Bethel, Bethlehem, Cherub, Geba, Hadid, Immer, Jericho, Jerusalem, Kiriath-arim, Lod, Michmas, Nebo, Netophah, Ono, Ramah, Tel-harsha, Tel-melah
Topics
372, Seventy, Seventy-two, Shephatiah, Shephati'ah, Sons
Dictionary of Bible Themes
Ezra 2:1-65

     5249   census

Ezra 2:1-67

     7230   genealogies

Library
Altar and Temple
'And when the seventh month was come, and the children of Israel were in the cities, the people gathered themselves together as one man to Jerusalem. 2. Then stood up Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and his brethren the priests, and Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and his brethren, and builded the altar of the God of Israel, to offer burnt offerings thereon, as it is written in the law of Moses the man of God. 3. And they set the altar upon his bases; for fear was upon them because of the people of those
Alexander Maclaren—Expositions of Holy Scripture

The Apocalypse.
On the Lit. and life of John, see §§ 40 and 41 (this vol.); on the authorship of the Apoc. and the time of composition, § 37 (this vol.); § 41 (this vol.); and § 84 (this vol.) 1. Modern Critical, works of German and French scholars on the Apocalypse: Lücke (Voltständige Einleitung, etc., 2d ed., 1852; 1,074 pages of introductory matter, critical and historical; compare with it the review of Bleek in the "Studien and Kritiken" for 1854 and 1855); DeWette Com., 1848,
Philip Schaff—History of the Christian Church, Volume I

Barzillai
BY REV. GEORGE MILLIGAN, M.A., D.D. "There is nothing," says Socrates to Cephalus in the Republic, "I like better than conversing with aged men. For I regard them as travellers who have gone a journey which I too may have to go, and of whom it is right to learn the character of the way, whether it is rugged or difficult, or smooth and easy" (p. 328 E.). It is to such an aged traveller that we are introduced in the person of Barzillai the Gileadite. And though he is one of the lesser-known characters
George Milligan—Men of the Bible; Some Lesser-Known

The Historical Books.
1. In the Pentateuch we have the establishment of the Theocracy, with the preparatory and accompanying history pertaining to it. The province of the historical books is to unfold its practiced working, and to show how, under the divine superintendence and guidance, it accomplished the end for which it was given. They contain, therefore, primarily, a history of God's dealings with the covenant people under the economy which he had imposed upon them. They look at the course of human events on the
E. P. Barrows—Companion to the Bible

The Old Testament Canon from Its Beginning to Its Close.
The first important part of the Old Testament put together as a whole was the Pentateuch, or rather, the five books of Moses and Joshua. This was preceded by smaller documents, which one or more redactors embodied in it. The earliest things committed to writing were probably the ten words proceeding from Moses himself, afterwards enlarged into the ten commandments which exist at present in two recensions (Exod. xx., Deut. v.) It is true that we have the oldest form of the decalogue from the Jehovist
Samuel Davidson—The Canon of the Bible

And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, too little to be among the thousands of Judah
"And thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, too little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall come forth unto Me (one) [Pg 480] to be Ruler in Israel; and His goings forth are the times of old, the days of eternity." The close connection of this verse with what immediately precedes (Caspari is wrong in considering iv. 9-14 as an episode) is evident, not only from the [Hebrew: v] copulative, and from the analogy of the near relation of the announcement of salvation to the prophecy of disaster
Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg—Christology of the Old Testament

Ezra-Nehemiah
Some of the most complicated problems in Hebrew history as well as in the literary criticism of the Old Testament gather about the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. Apart from these books, all that we know of the origin and early history of Judaism is inferential. They are our only historical sources for that period; and if in them we have, as we seem to have, authentic memoirs, fragmentary though they be, written by the two men who, more than any other, gave permanent shape and direction to Judaism, then
John Edgar McFadyen—Introduction to the Old Testament

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