Ezekiel 27:15

The men of Dedan were your clients; many coastlands were your market; they paid you with ivory tusks and ebony.

Study Bible

The men of Dedan
The mention of "Dedan" refers to a region and people known for their trading prowess. Dedan is historically associated with a caravan city in Arabia, possibly linked to modern-day Al-‘Ula in Saudi Arabia. The Dedanites were known for their trade routes that connected the Arabian Peninsula with the broader ancient Near East. In the context of Ezekiel, Dedan represents a group of traders who engaged in commerce with Tyre, the city being addressed in this chapter. The Hebrew root for Dedan (דְּדָן) suggests a place of lowland or a place of judgment, indicating a region of significance in trade and possibly in legal matters of commerce.

were your clients
The term "clients" here implies a business relationship where Dedan was a regular trading partner with Tyre. This relationship underscores the economic interdependence in the ancient world, where cities like Tyre, known for their maritime prowess, relied on inland traders to supply goods. The Hebrew word used here can also imply a sense of loyalty or regularity in business dealings, highlighting the established and ongoing nature of their trade relationship.

many coastlands
"Many coastlands" refers to the various regions and territories that engaged in trade with Tyre. The term "coastlands" (אִיִּים) in Hebrew often denotes distant lands accessible by sea, emphasizing Tyre's extensive maritime trade network. This phrase highlights Tyre's influence and reach across the Mediterranean, showcasing its role as a central hub in ancient commerce. The coastlands symbolize the far-reaching impact of Tyre's trade, connecting diverse cultures and economies.

were your market
The phrase "were your market" indicates that these coastlands served as places where Tyre's goods were sold or exchanged. The Hebrew concept of a market (שׁוּק) involves not just a physical location but also the idea of bustling activity and economic exchange. This underscores Tyre's role as a dominant economic power, where goods from various regions were brought, traded, and distributed.

they paid you
The act of payment signifies the transactional nature of the relationship between Tyre and its trading partners. This phrase highlights the economic prosperity and wealth that Tyre accumulated through its extensive trade networks. The Hebrew verb for "paid" (נָתַן) can also mean to give or to bestow, suggesting a sense of tribute or offering, which further emphasizes Tyre's economic dominance.

with ivory tusks and ebony
"Ivory tusks and ebony" are luxury items, indicating the high value and desirability of the goods traded with Tyre. Ivory, often sourced from elephants, was a symbol of wealth and status in the ancient world, used in art, furniture, and decoration. Ebony, a dense black hardwood, was prized for its beauty and durability. The mention of these items highlights the opulence and affluence associated with Tyre's trade, as well as the city's ability to attract and deal in high-value commodities. The Hebrew words for ivory (שֵׁן) and ebony (הָבְנִים) reflect the exotic and luxurious nature of these goods, underscoring the wealth and splendor of Tyre's commercial empire.

Persons / Places / Events

1. Dedan
An ancient trading community, likely located in the Arabian Peninsula. Known for its commercial activities and trade relations with Tyre.

2. Tyre
A prominent ancient Phoenician city known for its wealth and extensive trade networks. Tyre is the primary subject of Ezekiel 27, which describes its grandeur and eventual downfall.

3. Ivory and Ebony
Luxury goods that were highly valued in ancient trade. Ivory was sourced from elephant tusks, and ebony was a dense, dark wood, both symbolizing wealth and opulence.

4. Coastlands
Refers to various distant lands and islands that engaged in trade with Tyre, highlighting the city's extensive maritime trade network.

5. Ezekiel
A prophet of God who conveyed messages of judgment and restoration to the Israelites during their Babylonian exile. His prophecies often included vivid imagery and symbolic language.

Teaching Points

The Danger of Pride in Wealth
Tyre's reliance on its wealth and trade led to its downfall. Christians are reminded to place their trust in God rather than material possessions.

The Transience of Earthly Riches
The luxury goods traded by Tyre, such as ivory and ebony, symbolize the temporary nature of earthly wealth. Believers are encouraged to store up treasures in heaven.

Global Influence and Responsibility
Tyre's extensive trade network highlights the influence and responsibility that come with wealth and power. Christians are called to use their resources for God's glory and the good of others.

Judgment and Restoration
Ezekiel's prophecies often include themes of judgment followed by restoration. This serves as a reminder of God's justice and mercy, encouraging repentance and hope.

Bible Study Questions

1. How does the description of Tyre's trade in Ezekiel 27:15 reflect the city's priorities, and what can we learn about the dangers of prioritizing wealth over spiritual matters?

2. In what ways does the fall of Tyre serve as a warning to modern societies that place a high value on economic success and material wealth?

3. How can Christians today ensure that their business practices and financial decisions align with biblical principles, considering the example of Tyre?

4. What parallels can be drawn between the judgment of Tyre and the warnings given to other nations or cities in the Bible, such as Babylon in Revelation 18?

5. How can believers balance the pursuit of success and wealth with the call to live a life of humility and service, as taught in the New Testament?

Connections to Other Scriptures

Isaiah 23
This chapter also addresses the city of Tyre, prophesying its downfall due to its pride and reliance on wealth. It serves as a parallel to Ezekiel's message of judgment against Tyre.

Revelation 18
The fall of Babylon in Revelation echoes the themes of commercial hubris and divine judgment found in Ezekiel 27, illustrating the ultimate futility of relying on material wealth.

1 Kings 10:22
Describes King Solomon's wealth and trade, including ivory and other luxury items, providing context for the significance of these goods in ancient commerce.